BACKGROUND In ischemic stroke, blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulations, typically involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibitors (TIMPs) as mediators, became interesting since tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-related BBB breakdown with risk of secondary hemorrhage was considered to involve these mediators too. Despite high clinical relevance, detailed interactions are purely understo...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has unique structures in order to protect the central nervous system. In addition to the tight junction of the microvessel endothelium, there is a uniform and narrow matrix-like basement membrane (BM) sandwiched between the vessel wall and the astrocyte foot processes ensheathing the cerebral microvessel. To understand the mechanism by which these structural compon...

Delivering therapeutic levels of lysosomal enzymes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a pivotal issue in treating CNS storage diseases, including the mucopolysaccharidoses. An inherited deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) causes mucopolysaccharidosis type VII that is characterized by increased systemic and CNS storage of glycosaminoglycans. We previously showed that the neonate us...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Animal models of acute cerebral ischemia have demonstrated that diffuse blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption can be reversible after early reperfusion. However, irreversible, focal BBB disruption in humans is associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The goal of this study was to use a magnetic resonance imaging bio...

Background. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modifiable factors associated with BBB function may have therapeutic implication. This study tested the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is associated with BBB impairment in mild-to-moderate AD. Methods. Thirty-six subjects with AD were followed for 1 year. Fasting CSF and ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects show brain injury in sites that control autonomic, cognitive, and mood functions that are deficient in the condition. The processes contributing to injury may include altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) actions. Our aim was to examine BBB function, based on diffusion-weighted pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DW-pCASL) procedur...

Multi-drug resistant efflux transporters found in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a functional barrier, by pumping out most of the drugs into the blood. Previous studies showed focused ultrasound (FUS) induced microbubble oscillation can disrupt the BBB by loosening the tight junctions in the brain endothelial cells; however, no study was performed to investigate its impact on the functional ...

BACKGROUND Despite extensive data examining perioperative risk in patients with coronary artery disease, little attention has been devoted to the implications of conduction system abnormalities. OBJECTIVE To define the clinical significance of bundle-branch block (BBB) as a perioperative risk factor. METHODS Retrospective, cohort-controlled study of all noncardiac, nonophthalmologic, adult ...

let $e$ be an elliptic curve over $bbb{q}$ with the given weierstrass equation $ y^2=x^3+ax+b$. if $d$ is a squarefree integer, then let $e^{(d)}$ denote the $d$-quadratic twist of $e$ that is given by $e^{(d)}: y^2=x^3+ad^2x+bd^3$. let $e^{(d)}(bbb{q})$ be the group of $bbb{q}$-rational points of $e^{(d)}$. it is conjectured by j. silverman that there are infinitely many primes $p$ for which $...