Arterial base deficit/excess (BD/E) is commonly used marker of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients, but requires an arterial puncture and blood gas analysis. We hypothesized that serum bicarbonate (HCO3), which can be routinely obtained, strongly correlates with arterial BD/E and provides equivalent predictive information. In addition, we evaluated predictive value of simplified acute...

BACKGROUND We developed a new disposable anaerobic culture system, namely, the Quick anaero-system, for easy culturing of obligate anaerobes. METHODS Our system consists of 3 components: 1) new disposable anaerobic gas pack, 2) disposable culture-envelope and sealer, and 3) reusable stainless plate rack with mesh containing 10 g of palladium catalyst pellets. To evaluate the efficiency of our...

HYPOTHESIS Serum bicarbonate (HCO(3)) measurement may accurately and reliably be substituted for the arterial base deficit (BD) assay in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN Retrospective criterion standard analysis. SETTING Surgical ICU in a tertiary care facility. PATIENTS Consecutive sample of non-trauma-related surgical ICU admissions from January 1996 to January 2004 with s...

In this state-of-the-art paper, important advances that have been made during the past five years for both general and interval type-2 fuzzy sets and systems are described. Interest in type-2 subjects is worldwide and touches on a broad range of applications and many interesting theoretical topics. The main focus of this paper is on the theoretical topics, with descriptions of what they are, wh...

Background Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common long standing mental illness which is episodic in nature, affecting approximately1-2% of the world adult population. BD frequently affects the patient's life. Few studies have examined the functional impairment in patients with affective illness. The main objective of the current study was to assess specific domains of functioning as well as the over...

In this paper, user set selection in the allocation sequences of round-robin (RR) scheduling for distributed antenna transmission with block diagonalization (BD) pre-coding is proposed. prior research, initial phase equipment RR has been investigated. The performance proposed inferior to that proportional fair (PF) under severe intra-cell interference. multi-input multi-output technology BD app...

In the study of aperiodic order and mathematical models quasicrystals, questions regarding equivalence relations on Delone sets naturally arise. This work is dedicated to bounded displacement (BD) relation, especially results concerning instances non-equivalence. We present a general condition for two be BD non-equivalent, apply our result associated with tilings Euclidean space. First we consi...

A new method was proposed to estimate ecosystem naturalness. Three species-plot (S Χ A) datasets were used. Those data sets belong Sultan mountain sub-district (BS) (60 96) Dedegül (BD) (89 119) and, Beyşehir Watershed (B) (98 215) consisting of both the sub-districts. Firstly, chi square test (χ^2 ) applied define statistical goodness fit between first digit observed probabilities (〖d_1 p〗_o a...

The optical detectors of a flow cytometer convert all detected light into electronic signals that are subsequently converted into digital data. A sample pulse is the electronic representation of a signal with measurable height, width, and area values. In a BD digital system, the detector output is continuously digitized, and threshold defines the signal level at which the system begins to measu...