Bearing or compressive strength capacity perpendicular to the grain of timber beams is a troublesome issue. Not only do many different load cases occur in practice that are not covered by structural timber design codes but also these codes provide only a basic provision and vary throughout continents. Code design rules require the standardized compressive or bearing strength to be determined by...

Several deficient steel structural members require to be strengthened all over the world. In this article, horizontal defects were generated at three locations (top, middle, and bottom) on the middle element and the middle of the side element. Consequently, the effects of the location of such defects on axial behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened steel Square Hollow Se...

west directed subduction zones show common characteristics, such as low structural elevation, deep trench, steep slab and a conjugate back-arc basin that are opposite to those of the east directed subduction zones. the tectonomagmatic and metallogenic setting of the lut block is still a matter of debate and several hypotheses have been put forward. despite some authors denying the influence of ...