Thorough understanding of steel rail response to wheel load is a key step towards design and evaluation of the railway track structure. In current practice, maximum vertical deflection and bending moment are calculated using the theory of infinite beam on continuous elastic foundation (Winkler model), in which the foundation stiffness is assumed as constant. However, variation of track modulus ...

The equations governing the conditions of mechanical equilibrium in fluid membranes subject to bending are revisited thanks to the principle of virtual work. The note proposes systematic tools to obtain the shape equation and the line condition instead of Christoffel symbols and the complex calculations they entail. The method seems adequate to investigate all problems involving surface energies.

The paper investigates the stability properties of markets with backward bending supply curves. Parameters are chosen so that the two classic models of price dynamics, the Walrasian model and the Marshallian model, give opposite predictions. The results are: (1) market instability can be observed; (2) in the backward bending case stability is captured by the Walrasian model and the Marshallian ...

Bending of polar-surface-dominated (PSD) nanobelts of ZnO can be explained by one of two processes: electrostatic neutralization of the dipole moment via deformation (called an electrostatic polar charge model) or imbalances between surface tensions via surface-termination induced stresses. This article presents experimental data on the structural features of nanorings and nanobows formed by be...

Simulating the mechanical behavior of a cloth is a very challenging and important problem in computer animation. The models of bending in most existing cloth simulation approaches are taking the assumption that the cloth is little deformed from a plate shape. Therefore, based on the thin-plate theory, these bending models do not consider the condition that the current shape of the cloth under l...

A so called 'three-section' model for air bending is presented. It is assumed that a state of plane strain exists and that Bernoulli's law is valid. The material behaviour is described with Swift's equation, and the change of Young's modulus under deformation is addressed. As compared with other models, the model described in the paper is capable of generating information such as required punch...

A theoretical model of a DNA oligonucleotide duplex featuring A-tracts phased by a full helix turn is developed based on molecular dynamics computer simulation. The extent to which this model agrees with relevant experimental data on axis bending and the relationship of A-tracts to bending and other aspects of helix morphology is investigated. Specifically, a series of nanosecond-level molecula...

Although segmental tunnel linings are often used for seismic areas, the influence of segment joints on the segmental lining behavior under seismic loading has not been thoroughly considered in the literature. This paper presents the results of a numerical study investigating the effects of the rotational, axial, and radial joint stiffness of the longitudinal joints on the structural force...