Xylazine, a veterinary sedative, has been found as an adulterant of heroin in street drugs in Puerto Rico. It was found in combination with free morphine and 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine in postmortem cases at the Puerto Rico Institute of Forensic Sciences (PRIFS). Xylazine is not approved for human use because it has been proven harmful. Currently, three separate anal...

Cocaine toxicity is a widespread problem in the United States, responsible for more than 500,000 emergency department visits a year. There is currently no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy to directly treat cocaine toxicity. To this end, we have developed a mutant bacterial cocaine esterase (DM-CocE), which has been previously shown to rapidly hydrolyze cocaine into ine...

In this paper, cocaine and eleven of its metabolites have been detected and identified in urine samples. The technique was based in a simple liquid-liquid extraction with detection by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was validated in terms of repeatability, specificity, recovered, linearity, limit of detection, contamination between samples and robustness, all...

background: cocaine poisoning is known for causing severe clinical effects such as tachycardia, hypertension, agitation and confusion. absence of clinical manifestations in cocaine poisoning is unusual. case report: a 26-year old man, known to be a cocaine addict, declared that he was forced by cocaine dealers to swallow many tablets of cocaine, six hours prior to admission to emergency departm...

The Afghanistan Ministry of Interior (MoI) conducted nationwide urinary drug screening of Afghanistan National Police (ANP) officers for tetrahydrocannabinol, opiates, d-Methamphetamine, and benzoylecgonine -- commonly referred to as cocaine -- between November 2009 and July 2010. The testing was accomplished in concert with the MoI's Personnel Asset Inventory. ANP members used standardized kit...

The unique optical properties of the fluoropolymer microcapillary film (MCF) material combined with the extremely fast photoinactivation of Herpes HSV-1 virus, and photodegradation of indigo carmine, diclofenac and benzoylecgonine in the MCF array photoreactor, demonstrate a new, flexible and inexpensive platform for rapid photochemical transformations, high-throughput process analytics and pho...

This study determined whether abstinence engendered by intermittent reinforcement might generalize to nonreinforced periods and enhance overall rates of cocaine abstinence among methadone maintenance patients. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. The quantitative group (n = 14) earned incentives for a 50% decrease in urine benzoylecgonine concentrations; the qualitative group (n = 13)...

The quantitative analysis of human urinary metabolites as biomarkers in wastewater streams has been used to estimate the rates of illicit drug use in the wider community. The primary underlying assumption in such studies is that a sample of wastewater is equivalent to a cumulative sample of urine. Drug metabolism in humans is predominantly enzymatically mediated, but these processes are not exc...

Cita bibliográfica / Cita bibliogràfica (ISO 690): BIJLSMA, Lubertus, et al. Occurrence and behavior of illicit drugs and metabolites in sewage water from the Spanish Mediterranean coast (Valencia region). Abstract In this work, a study on the occurrence and behavior of illicit drugs and metabolites in sewage water systems has been made. A comprehensive dataset was obtained by analyzing illicit...

The analysis of meconium for cocaine and metabolites has proved to be a reliable method for the detection of fetal cocaine exposure. Better sensitivity and a larger gestational window of detection have been demonstrated for meconium testing as compared with neonatal urine testing. Cocaine and cocaine metabolites, including benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene, norcocaine, benzoy...