The Tower of Knowledge architecture integrates probability theory and logic for making decisions. The scheme models the causal dependencies between the functionalities of objects and their descriptions, and then employs the maximum expected utility principle, which combines probability theory and logic, to select the most appropriate label for the object. Since most existing scene interpretatio...

In this paper we use four main dimensions: Vulnerability, Human Behaviour, Hazards and Expected Utility to analyze their impact in scenario planning when cross-matched with Human Development Adjusted, Gender Inequality and Multidimensional Poverty Indexes within flood risk management strategies. We argue that the four dimensions are among the central factors behind the poor quality of life. Hen...

ABSTRACT Stars of spectral types O and B produce neutron stars (NSs) after supernova explosions. Most NSs are strongly magnetized including normal radio pulsars with ? 1012 G magnetars 1014 G. A fraction 7–12 per cent massive also 103 some weakly 1 It was suggested that magnetic fields could be the fossil remnants their progenitors. This work is dedicated to study this hypothesis. First, we gat...

Intuitive multistage inferences are typically excessive when compared with the optimal model, a modified form of Bayes' theorem. One explanation for this excessiveness is that the S primarily attends to the implications of the probable event described by the first-stage inference, neglecting the implications of less likely events. If a S follows this strategy, called a "best guess" strategy, th...

If speech is captured by several arbitrarily-located microphones in a room, the degree of distortion by noise and reverberation may vary strongly from one channel to another. Channel selection for automatic speech recognition aims to rank the signals according to their quality, and, in particular, to select the best one for further processing in the recognition system. To create this ranking, w...

The paper presents the evaluation of a knowledge-based scoring method applied to the problem of identifying the best speech recognition hypothesis (SRH) in a functioning multimodal dialogue system. The competing SRHs are evaluated in terms of their semantic coherence using the high-level domain knowledge encoded in the ontology. We conducted an annotation experiment and showed that humans can r...

A simple and general method is described that can combine different knowledge sources to reorder N-best lists of hypotheses produced by a speech recognizer. The method is automatically trainable, acquiring information from both positive and negative examples. In experiments, the method was tested on a 1000-utterance sample of unseen ATIS data. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N During the last few year...