Abstract: Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problem...

  Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problems are co...

Crude Oil Distillation Unit (CDU) is one of the most important separation installations in petroleum refinery industries. In this work, a Bi-level Surrogate column model Aided Constrained Optimization Design (Bi-SACOD) proposed for time-consuming objectives and constraints evolutionary optimization design CDUs. The main components Bi-SACOD include bi-level surrogate construction (Bi-SMC), manag...

BBN submitted system combination outputs for Czech-English, German-English, SpanishEnglish, and French-English language pairs. All combinations were based on confusion network decoding. The confusion networks were built using incremental hypothesis alignment algorithm with flexible matching. A novel bi-gram count feature, which can penalize bi-grams not present in the input hypotheses correspon...

This paper presents a linkage factors synthesis and multi-level optimization technique for bi-stable compliant mechanism. The linkage synthesis problem is modeled as multiple level factors and responses optimization problem with constraints. The bi-stable compliant mechanism is modeled as a crank slider mechanism using pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM). The model exerts the large deflection of fle...

Code-Smells represent design situations that can affect the maintenance and evolution of software. They make a system difficult to evolve. Code-smells are detected, in general, using quality metrics that represent some symptoms. However, the selection of suitable quality metrics is challenging due to the absence of consensus to identify some code-smells based on a set of symptoms and also the h...