Clonorchiasis is caused by a chronic infestation of liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis, and these reside mainly in the medium- and small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts. Therefore, diffuse, uniform, minimal or mild dilatation of these bile ducts, particularly in the periphery, without dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct is the typical finding on several imaging modalities. We report here on t...

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) is a homodimeric selenoenzyme catalyzing thioredoxin (Trx) in an NADPHdependent manner. With regard to carcinogenesis, these redox proteins have been implicated in cell proliferation, transformation and anti-apoptosis. In the present study, using a hamster cholangiocarcinoma (ChC) model, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of TrxR in precancero...

gallbladder and biliary tree is low compared with the many parenchymal hepatic conditions that occur in animals. Diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system are often confused with other intraabdominal disorders because their course and clinical signs are similar. Diseases that require surgery of the extrahepatic biliary system in dogs are primarily acquired and include extrahepatic biliary tra...

AIM To determine whether pancreatic enzymes are present in hepatic bile and in intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. METHODS The activity and proteins of pancreatic enzymes (pancreatic alpha-amylase, lipase, trypsin/trypsinogen) in hepatic bile were investigated using biochemical and western blot analyses in 25 patients with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Immunolocalization of enzyme protei...

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) in patients' sera and histologically by chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in small bile ducts, eventually followed by extensive bile duct loss and biliary cirrhosis. The autoimmune-mediated pathogenesis of bile duct lesions, including the significance of AMAs, triggers of the autoimmune proc...

The major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) is the point where the dilated junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts (ampulla of Vater) enter the duodenum. The ampulla is surrounded by the sphincter of Oddi, which not only controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum, but also prevents the reflux of duodenal contents, bile and pancreatic juice into the bile and pancreatic ...

Bile is a liver-harvested liquid compound that plays role in digestion. It travels through system of branching bile ducts known as the biliary tree. The hepatocytes generate at cellular level, and canaliculi, which are thin tubular channels, collect it [1,2].

The biliary trees descend from the canaliculi at the hepatocytes in the liver. Bile drains from this level into intrahepatic ducts, smaller ducts combine to form the segmental bile ducts which within the liver gradually enlarge and merge to the right and left hepatic ducts. The right and left hepatic ducts join together to form the common hepatic duct (CHD) at porta hepatis. The common bile duc...

A 65-year-old female presenting with hepatobiliary cystadenoma (HC) comprised of multiple cysts in the liver and a non-specific epigastric pain is reported herein.  Ultrasound study demonstrated dilated common bile duct (CBD) and intrahepatic bile ducts, plus two spherical stone-like bodies filling defects in the proximal CBD. Sphincterotomy and basket performed for the patient were not success...

HYPOTHESIS Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a high-risk factor for biliary tract carcinogenesis because of a continuous reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. It remains to be disclosed whether we should perform prophylactic excision of gallbladders and bile ducts. DESIGN A person-year method. SETTING A university hospital. PATIENTS We studied 68 patients with PBM treat...