congenital hepatic fibrosis (chf) is a developmental disorder of the biliary system, characterized by defective remodeling of the ductal plate. herein a family of three children, from consanguineous parents, with minor thalassemia is presented who suffered from congenital hepatic fibrosis (chf). prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary to avoid further complications in the affec...

BACKGROUND The biliary system is in continuous contact with the complex microbiota of the intestine. Microbial products have recently been proposed as potential triggers for biliary diseases. METHODS The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of the biliary and intestinal microbiome in biliary inflammatory diseases. RESULTS Previously, it was ...

Endoscopic transpapillary biopsy has been widely performed for the diagnosis of biliary disease. Direct-vision biliary biopsy using peroral cholangioscopy has been reported to be very useful [1–4]. At centers where peroral cholangioscopy is unavailable, biliary biopsy can be performed under fluoroscopic guidance. It is however sometimes difficult to obtain adequate biopsy specimens owing to iss...

We have developed an in vitro system to study the interactions between biliary epithelium and lymphocytes using cultured human biliary epithelial cells. No class II antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase staining of the normal biliary epithelial cells, but alloactivated lymphocyte culture supernatants were able to induce class II expression. The activity of the supernatants was blocked with...

gallbladder and biliary tree is low compared with the many parenchymal hepatic conditions that occur in animals. Diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system are often confused with other intraabdominal disorders because their course and clinical signs are similar. Diseases that require surgery of the extrahepatic biliary system in dogs are primarily acquired and include extrahepatic biliary tra...

Bile is normally sterile. Bactibilia occurs when bile flow is impaired and bacteria gain access to the biliary duct by the papilla or portal circulation. Bile duct obstruction leads sequentially to increase in intra biliary pressure, infection of bile, cholangiovenous and cholangiolymphatic reflux leading to bacteremia [1-3]. The bacteria described commonly in biliary tract infections include E...

The biliary tree system consists of two divisions: intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts. The development of the biliary tree, and secondarily the liver, shares a common origin with ventral pancreas. A common progenitor for liver, biliary duct system, and ventral pancreas exists at early stages of development, when the anterior definitive endoderm is forming the foregut. Several s...

In the development of the human biliary system, the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD) develop from the embryonic hepatic diverticulum, while the intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBD) originate within the liver from the ductal plate. The ductal plate is a flat muralium of primitive biliary epithelium that develops in the mesenchyme along the branches of the portal vein, by a process which requires a delic...

An obstructed biliary system is usually drained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and when this is unsuccessful, the standard alternative technique is percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Surgical biliary bypass may also be required. In recent years, endosonography has transformed from a solely diagnostic procedure to one with therapeutic capabilities. Endosonography-gui...