Defining the subcellular distribution of signaling complexes is imperative to understanding the output from that complex. Conventional methods such as immunoprecipitation do not provide information on the spatial localization of complexes. In contrast, BiFC monitors the interaction and subcellular compartmentalization of protein complexes. In this method, a fluororescent protein is split into a...

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to study properties of chitosan (Chit) as a possible vehicle for carrying metformin (Met) drug. To this aim, the singular molecules of Met and Chit have been first optimized and sixteen possible bimolecular complexes have been subsequently constructed and optimized to obtaine the stabilized interacting structures. Two bimolecular ...

A class of Brownian dynamics algorithms for stochastic reaction-diffusion models which include reversible bimolecular reactions is presented and analyzed. The method is a generalization of the λ–̺ model for irreversible bimolecular reactions which was introduced in [11]. The formulae relating the experimentally measurable quantities (reaction rate constants and diffusion constants) with the algo...

Fast reversible pseudo-unimolecular reactions do not approach equilibrium in the simple exponential fashion predicted by chemical rate equations. Many-body effects in bimolecular reactions have been revealed in an extensive series of Brownian simulations, showing up to three distinct phases in the approach to equilibrium. Recent theoretical developments are compared with the simulation as well ...

Photolysis of aromatic sulfoxides in the presence of alkoxides in alcoholic solvents provides a photochemical route to the corresponding sulfides. Other electron donors also give sulfide with various degrees of success. The reaction could also be carried out using carbazoles as sensitizers, and quantitative yields could be obtained using N-methylcarbazole in methanol. Evidence points toward a h...

miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, commonly applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes. the aim of this study was to examine the alternative method for gaining mechanism or the bimolecular changes caused by the possible teratogenic effects of miconazole on mice fetus brain tissue using ftir-microspectroscopy. the mice were injected with miconazole (60 mg/kg) on gestation day 9....

In some bimolecular reactions, for example, certain low potential-energy barrier reactions, the saddlepoint choice for the position of the activated complex is vague and sometimes incorrect. In these and in some others a different choice is needed. The concept of minimum state density for this purpose, its relation to adiabatic transition state theory and to the maximum free energy criterion, a...