In this paper we present a novel methodology for joint optimization of process technologies, strategic capacity design and process operations. An iterative methodology is suggested to simulate and optimize nonlinear conversion processes and utilize process yields thus obtained to optimize the long term capacity design of process plants. This methodology is applied to a multiproduct biomass refi...

of chemical bonds but can also catalyze the radical-based re-polymerization of lignin fragments. In contrast, nonradical lignolytic enzymes selectively cleave chemical bonds in lignin and lignin model compounds and, thus, show promise for use in the preparation of high valueadded chemicals. In this mini-review, recent developments on non-radical lignolytic enzymes are discussed. These include r...

This study aims to quantify water appropriation and the potential production of algal bio-oil using freshwater and municipal wastewater effluent (MWW) as an alternative water resource. The county-level analysis focuses on open-pond algae cultivation systems located in 17 states in the southern United States. Several scenarios were developed to examine the water availability for algae bio-oil pr...

For the first time, this work investigates achievability of developing a biorefinery concept around almond hulls by hydrothermal treatment (HTT), thoroughly scrutinising influence temperature (200–300 °C), pressure (100–180 bar), time (20–180 min) and solid loading (5–25 wt%). This process allowed conversion into four main products: gas (2–13%), bio-oil (2–12%), aqueous (4–69%) hydro-char (17–8...

This study has demonstrated, for the first time, a simple, fast and flexible microwave processing method simultaneous preparation of bio-products (bio-oil, bio-gas biochar) using methodology that avoids any form catalyst or chemical activation. The dielectric properties biomass physicochemical characterisation such as TGA, elemental proximate analysis, XRD, SEM/EDX textural properties, showed 8...

Reasons for Blending Crude Oils at a Refinery Oil refineries, and especially their on-process units that process the primary crude feed stocks, are not uniform in either design or operation. The refinery process units and the combination of units built and in service at a given refinery location are part of a plan to accommodate a certain slate of crudes based on their properties. These decisio...

This study demonstrates the co-hydrodeoxygenation of partially upgraded bio-oil (PUB) obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction pinewood, with rapeseed oil (RO) to produce bio-derived drop-in fuel. Enhanced miscibility PUB in RO showed high potential HTL for co-processing different refinery streams existing refineries. Co-processing experiments were conducted a continuous unit under processing co...