introduction: with increasing production of health information, information technologies have been used for better management and usage of such data. this enormous increase in gathering and storing of information and widespread accessibility also concerns individuals regarding privacy and security of information. this research is concerned with this issue due to decisions on establishing indivi...

Electronics industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. In India also, there are high turnovers and growing demand of electronics product especially after post liberalization in early nineties. These products generate e-waste which has become big environmental issue. Industries can handle these e-waste and product returns efficiently by developing reverse logistics (RL) syst...

Spectral resolution in proton NMR spectroscopy is reduced by the splitting of resonances into multiplets due to the effect of homonuclear scalar couplings. Although these effects are often hidden in protein NMR spectroscopy by low digital resolution and routine apodization, behind the scenes homonuclear scalar couplings increase spectral overcrowding. The possibilities for biomolecular NMR offe...

Photosynthetic reaction centres show promise for biomolecular electronics as nanoscale solar-powered batteries and molecular diodes that are amenable to atomic-level re-engineering. In this work the mechanism of electron conduction across the highly tractable Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre is characterized by conductive atomic force microscopy. We find, using engineered proteins of kno...

Packaging and interconnect technologies are critical to the advancement of micro-scale and nano-scale systems. This paper will review some examples of our studies on flip-chip assembly, solder self-assembly, automated tuning and fixing, flexible circuits, atomic layer deposition and liquid crystal polymer for manufacturable and reliable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In addition, we wil...

We demonstrate a method for seamless transfer from a parent flat substrate of basically any lithographic top-down or bottom-up pattern onto essentially any kind of surface. The nano- or microscale patterns, spanning macroscopic surface areas, can be transferred with high conformity onto a large variety of surfaces when such patterns are produced on a thin carbon film, grown on top of a sacrific...

Wafer-scale fabrication of complex nanofluidic systems with integrated electronics is essential to realizing ubiquitous, compact, reliable, high-sensitivity and low-cost biomolecular sensors. Here we report a scalable fabrication strategy capable of producing nanofluidic chips with complex designs and down to single-digit nanometre dimensions over 200 mm wafer scale. Compatible with semiconduct...

Driven by the promises of gene therapy, PEGylated cationic liposomes (CLs) have been investigated for decades, but their use in the clinical setting is far from established. Such a dichotomy is due to several factors that have been ignored over the last two decades. The hardest challenge seems to occur when PEGylated CLs come into contact with a physiological environment (e.g. the blood). Recen...

In this paper, we revisit standard results for singularly perturbed systems on the infinite time interval by employing tools from nonlinear contraction theory. This allows us to determine explicit bounds both on the rate of convergence of trajectories to the slow manifold, and on the distance between these trajectories and those of the reduced system. We illustrate the application of the propos...