The analysis of a birth-death process using the z-transform was recently reported for processes having fixed transition probabilities between states. The current report extends that analysis to processes having transition probabilities that can differ from state to state. It is then shown that the model can be used to study practical queuing and birth-death systems where the arrival, birth, ser...

Abstract: In this paper we study a transient birth and death Markov process penalized by its sojourn time in 0. Under the new probability measure the original process behaves as a recurrent birth and death Markov process. We also show, in a particular case, that an initially recurrent birth and death process, behaves as an transient birth and death process after penalization with the event that...

patients and methods in this retrospective, cross-sectional study, the medical records of all deceased neonates hospitalized in fatemieh hospital of hamadan, during a 5-year period (2006 – 2011) were extracted. a questionnaire including sex, weight, gestational age, time of birth, delivery mode, maternal disease, and leading cause of death was filled out. the information was then analyzed using...

The homogeneous reconstructed evolutionary process is a birth-death process without observed extinct lineages. Each species evolves independently with the same diversification rate-speciation rate, λ(t), and extinction rate, μ(t)-that may change over time. The process is commonly applied to model species diversification where the data are reconstructed phylogenies, e.g. trees estimated from pre...