Sir,—Dr Collier is disappointed that we did not comment on e.c.g. changes during hypotension. Alas, we cannot remedy this because no such changes occurred. A continuous recording was taken in each case and none showed any arrhythmia. If she has evidence that changes in rhythm during hypotension indicate cardiac hypoxia and a low cardiac output (and "considered by some" hardly rates as evidence)...

INTRODUCTION Blind nasotracheal intubation is an intubation method without observation of glottis that is used when the orotracheal intubation is difficult or impossible. One of the methods to minimize trauma to the nasal cavity is to soften the endotracheal tube through warming. Our aim in this study was to evaluate endotracheal intubation using endotracheal tubes softened by hot water at 50 &...

THE usually recognized technique of anaesthesia for reduction of a fractured mandible involves nasal intubation (Boyd and MacLennan, 1952), and in war injuries, which are usually of a more complicated nature, this is essential (Roche, 1945). While realizing the safety of such a technique, I feel that it still has definite disadvantages and risks, which are given below: Passage of a nasal tube. ...

Blind nasal intubation has been one of the favoured methods of intubating the trachea in patients with restricted mouth opening and thus a difficult laryngoscopy and oro-tracheal intubation. Here, we describe airway management of patient who presented with traumatic ankylosis of the right temporomandibular joint and reduced mouth opening that was planned for elective release of the ankylosis an...

treacher collin’s syndrome (tcs) is a rare inherited condition characterized by bilateral and symmetric abnormalities of structures within the first and second bronchial arches. patients with tcs present a serious problem to anesthetists maintaining their airway as upper airway obstruction and difficult tracheal intubation due to severe facial deformity. because of retrognathia, airway manageme...