Why are n-player games much more complex than two-player games? Is it much more difficult to cooperate or to compete? n-player Toppling Dominoes is an n-player version of Toppling Dominoes, a two-player combinatorial game. Because of queer games, i.e., games where no player has a winning strategy, cooperation is a key-factor in nplayer games and, as a consequence, n-player Toppling Dominoes pla...

because it is not possible to recognize the mechanism of cantilever failure in field studies, this type of common failure in riverbanks is investigated in the laboratory. for this purpose, two samples of susceptible soil that forms an overhanging block in riverbanks are used for physical model tests to determine their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. soil blocks of different d...

This paper presents some simple ideas about domino gates. Domino gates are implementations of logical operations using toppling dominoes to represent the movement of information (bits). The actively toppling domino represents a logic one, and absence of toppling represents logic zero. The domino model can be used as a representation of single-shot wave gates in unconstrained media, such as sub-...

In open pit mines, the slope stability of benches, inter-ramps, and overall is vital not only for economy extraction process but also safety personnel equipment. Geological discontinuities, geometry, other factors can induce different failure modes in hard rock masses such as planar, wedge sliding, toppling. Hence, analysis must be carried out carefully using a suitable technique by considering...

We construct the thermodynamic limit of the stationary measures of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model with a dissipative toppling matrix (sand grains may disappear at each toppling). We prove uniqueness and mixing properties of this measure and we obtain an infinite volume ergodic Markov process leaving it invariant. We show how to extend the Dhar formalism of the ‘abelian group of toppling...

This article explores some of the recent debates over statues, memorials and cultures commemoration in New Zealand. These 'statue wars' are particularly focused on explorers, military men, colonial governors, even Queen Victoria herself, figures who seen as being deeply implicated production persistent inequalities pain that has resulted from colonialism empire. My analysis focuses city Tūranga...

We study the steady state of the abelian sandpile models with stochastic toppling rules. The particle addition operators commute with each other, but in general these operators need not be diagonalizable. We use their abelian algebra to determine their eigenvalues, and the Jordan block structure. These are then used to determine the probability of different configurations in the steady state. W...

In one-component Abelian sandpile models, the toppling probabilities are independent quantities. This is not the case in multicomponent models. The condition of associativity of the underlying Abelian algebras imposes nonlinear relations among the toppling probabilities. These relations are derived for the case of two-component quadratic Abelian algebras. We show that Abelian sandpile models wi...