Many fishes are ammonotelic but some species can detoxify ammonia to glutamine or urea. Certain fish species can accumulate high levels of ammonia in the brain or defense against ammonia toxicity by enhancing the effectiveness of ammonia excretion through active NH4+transport, manipulation of ambient pH, or reduction in ammonia permeability through the branchial and cutaneous epithelia. Recent ...

Newborns and children may suffer from extremely high ammonia levels in their blood. We evaluated a fast, reliable micromethod, based on the Blood Ammonia Checker II (BAC II) in combination with the dilution with fresh whole blood. Comparison of the proposed method with an enzymatic method revealed a statistically significant correlation. We conclude that the dilution of patient's blood with fre...

The role of ammonia toxicity in the production of the hepatic coma syndrome has not been clearly defined. No direct relationship has been demonstrated consistently between arterial or venous blood ammonia-nitrogen concentration or the arteriovenous ammonia-nitrogen difference and the state of cerebral dysfunction in hepatic disease. Recently a direct relationship between an increase in blood pH...

The role of ammonia toxicity in the production of the hepatic coma syndrome has not been clearly defined. No direct relationship has been demonstrated consistently between arterial or venous blood ammonia-nitrogen concentration or the arteriovenous ammonia-nitrogen difference and the state of cerebral dysfunction in hepatic disease. Recently a direct relationship between an increase in blood pH...

We modified the Hyland Ammonia kit for plasma to measure blood ammonia from which the erythrocyte ammonia is calculated. Our modified method gave good recoveries and its precision based on replicate assays was excellent (CV less than 3.0%). The within-day and day-to-day precision was determined from pooled blood and aqueous ammonia solution respectively. The precision calculated from duplicate ...

Effects of chemical and physical preservation of blood on changes in ammonia concentration during storage were studied with samples containing init ial concentrations of .143, .316, .771, .816, and 1.308 mg ammonia-N per 100 ml blood. A saturated solution of mercuric chloride was added to the blood in amounts of 3.33, 5.00, 6.66, 8.33 or 10.00%. Deionized water was added to control samples in t...

the replacement of corn silage with varying levels of ammonia gassed wheat straw on performance, digestibility, fermentation parameters, chewing activities, blood metabolites and profitability of holstein heifers have been evaluated. fifteen holstein heifer with 9-10 months of age were assigned in a completely randomized design with 3 treatment as 1) 36% corn silage, 2) 18% corn silage and 18% ...

Carcinus maenas and Necora puber were exposed to air for 72 h and 18 h, respectively, at 18 degreesC. Nitrogen excretion, blood and muscle ammonia content and blood urate and lactate content were recorded throughout the experimental emersion and following reimmersion (recovery period). During emersion, the rate of ammonia excretion was strongly reduced in both species, while urea and amine excr...

Ammonia is the chief excretory product in fishes. However, non-availability of enough of water in the habitat, may lead to the formation of urea, in fishes. In the present study, the possible role of urea formation to avoid the toxicity of ammonia under water-restricted condition was tested in Channa gachua. Circulatory urea and ammonia were estimated in the blood of the fishes and glutamate de...