The study was conducted on 444 patients suffering from skin lesions of different ages and genders that were diagnosed by dermatologists as cutaneous leishmaniasis for people reviewing throughout the days week department epidemiology transitional diseases who attended to hospitals in city Baghdad, namely (Al-Shaheed Dari Al Fayyad Teaching Hospital , Al-Shaheed Sadr Al-Numan Hospital, Al-Karama ...

Plasmodium falciparum inhabits a niche within the most highly terminally differentiated cell in the human body--the mature red blood cell. Life inside this normally quiescent cell offers the parasite protection from the host's immune system, but provides little in the way of cellular infrastructure. To survive and replicate in the red blood cell, the parasite exports proteins that interact with...

Vaccine development for the blood stages of malaria has focused on the induction of antibodies to parasite surface antigens, most of which are highly polymorphic. An alternate strategy has evolved from observations that low-density infections can induce antibody-independent immunity to different strains. To test this strategy, we treated parasitized red blood cells from the rodent parasite Plas...

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is transmitted phlebotomine sandflies and a major zoonotic disease in Brazil. Due to the southward expansion of within country central role dogs as urban reservoirs parasite, we have investigated occurrence CVL two municipalities Erval Velho Herval d’Oeste Midwest region Santa Catarina state. Peripheral bloo...

The importance of pathogen-induced host cell remodelling has been well established for red blood cell infection by the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Exported parasite-encoded proteins, which often possess a signature motif, termed Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) or host-targeting (HT) signal, are critical for the extensive red blood cell modifications. To what extent remodelli...

BACKGROUND Host genotype accounts for a component of the variability in susceptibility to childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, despite numerous examples of host polymorphisms associated with tolerance or resistance to infection, direct evidence for an impact of host genetic polymorphisms on the in vivo parasite population is difficult to obtain. Parasite molecules whose expression ...

The effect of a recombinant hybrid human interferon a (IFN-a) (which cross-reacts with murine cells) on C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites or parasitized erythrocytes was determined. IFN-a did not inhibit the development of the parasite in the liver, but it did reduce the blood parasite load and the hepatosplenomegaly induced by the infection in mice injected with blood-st...

The effect of a recombinant hybrid human interferon a (IFN-a) (which cross-reacts with murine cells) on C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites or parasitized erythrocytes was determined. IFN-a did not inhibit the development of the parasite in the liver, but it did reduce the blood parasite load and the hepatosplenomegaly induced by the infection in mice injected with blood-st...