Surface microrollers have emerged as a promising microrobotic platform for navigation in the circulatory system future drug/gene delivery applications. The comprises various vessels with different dimensions, blood flow velocities, and regimes. Therefore, performance of surface would vary vessels. Herein, microrollers, diameters between 5 50 μm, inside systemic circulation including veins, venu...

Overview Varicose veins of the lower extremities are found in the superficial venous system which includes the great saphenous vein (GSV) and the small saphenous vein (SSV), and their tributaries. One-way valves are present in the superficial venous system. These valves prevent backward flow of blood within the vein (reflux) and keep the blood moving toward the heart. The condition of improperl...

Cerebral venous system can be divided into a superficial and a deep system. The superficial system comprises of sagittal sinuses and cortical veins and these drain superficial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres. The deep system comprises of lateral sinus, straight sinus and sigmoid sinus along with draining deeper cortical veins. Both these systems mostly drain themselves into internal jugul...

Blood stasis is a very important pathophysiological concept not only in Kampo but also in traditional Chinese medicine. Blood stasis indicates severe disease. Fuku shin (the abdominal exam) and Zetsu shin (the tongue exam) are the most important approaches of the 4 diagnostic procedures in Kampo. Tenderness of the lower abdominal region ( Sho fuku koh man) and distended sublingual veins have be...

AIMS To measure blood flow in the rabbit retinal circulation with fluorescein leucocyte angiography using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. METHODS Blood was withdrawn from the ear vein of a rabbit (New Zealand White), mixed with fluorescent dye in a test tube and centrifuged. The yellow-brown layer containing fluorescein stained leucocytes was collected and injected into the ear vein of the s...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hypothesis that MS could be provoked by a derangement of the blood outflow from the brain has been largely discredited. In part, it was because data on the normal pattern of outflow are scarce and obtained with different methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal pattern of outflow for the vertebral and internal jugular veins in healthy subjects with mu...

We demonstrated that large amounts of blood shift from the forearm veins during hyperventilation (2). If this effect were generalized in the periphery of the body the volume of blood in the central venous reservoir might increase. An increase in pressure in the central veins would be evidence to support this suggestion. The fall in peripheral venous pressure which occurs during hyperventilation...

The vein of Galen is the largest of the deep cerebral veins formed posterior to the pineal body by confluence of the two internal cerebral veins. It curves sharply upward around the splenium of the corpus collosum and drains the deep medially located veins of the diencephalon, basal ganglia, and mid brain. Dilatation of the vein of Galen results from the force of arterial blood either directly ...