Sysyn, Gregory D., Katherine H. Petersson, Clifford S. Patlak, Grazyna B. Sadowska, and Barbara S. Stonestreet. Effects of postnatal dexamethasone on bloodbrain barrier permeability and brain water content in newborn lambs. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 280: R547–R553, 2001.—We showed that antenatal corticosteroids reduced blood-brain barrier permeability in fetuses at 60 and...

In a clinical study conducted a decade ago, it was proposed that different versions of the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific (pde4d) confer different risks for ischemic stroke. Today, however, there continues to be unresolved global discussion of this issue. This short review summarizes the results of clinical genomic and basic research studies. In the acute phase following expe...

Refractory focal epilepsy following acute febrile encephalopathy, also called fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children or febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is a topic of great interest and is a newly described condition in Europe and Asia. In a recent review, Nabbout et al. termed this entity ‘‘acute encephalopathy with inflammation-mediated s...

Natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), inhibits the transmigration of immune cells across the bloodbrain barrier into the central nervous system (CNS). However, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused following natalizumab treatment in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The reason for higher PML prevalence i...

Keep, Richard F., Xiaochen Si, Parvin Shakui, Steven R. Ennis, and A. Lorris Betz. Effect of amiloride analogs on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H2215–H2220, 1999.—Intracerebroventricular infusions of an amiloride analog, benzamil, reduce blood pressure in several rat models of hypertension. This effect has been attributed to an inhibition...

Utsumi, Hiroyuki, Hideki Chiba, Yasuhiro Kamimura, Makoto Osanai, Yo Igarashi, Hirotoshi Tobioka, Michio Mori, and Norimasa Sawada. Expression of GFRa-1, receptor for GDNF, in rat brain capillary during postnatal development of the BBB. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C361–C368, 2000.—It is well known that the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) matures at ;2 wk after birth in the rat. Recently, we showed ...

The final part of the review focuses on existing methods and results studying effects nanoparticles (NPs) brain behavior. types behavioral tests used to assess changes in behavior NP-treated animals are described. data accumulated literature negative influence NPs animal brains exposed adulthood considered. signs different cellular tissue damage presented, such as development oxidative stress b...

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) can modulate permeability of the neurovascular unit and exacerbate injury in ischemic stroke. We examined the effects of t-PA using in vitro models of the bloodbrain barrier. t-PA caused a concentrationdependent increase in permeability. This effect was dependent on plasmin formation and potentiated in the presence of plasminogen. An inactive t-PA varian...

Acute hypertension was induced in 19 anesthetized cats by the intravenous administration of angiotensin. The caliber of pial arteries was measured by a television image-splitting technique and local cerebral blood flow by the hydrogen clearance technique. As the blood pressure was increased, pail arterioles constricted and cerebral blood flow remained relatively constant, showing that autoregu...