background : free-living amoebae such as acanthamoeba species may act as carriers of cryptosporidium and toxoplasma oocysts, thus, may play an important role in the water-borne transmission of these parasites. in the present study, a loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for detection of toxoplasma and a pcr assay were developed for investigation of acanthamoeba in environmental ...

Arthropod-borne diseases caused by a variety of microorganisms such as dengue virus and malaria parasites afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social burdens. Despite many efforts, vaccines against diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, with the exception of yellow fever, are not available. Control of such infectious pathogens is mainly performed by vector management an...

Ewald (1994) has suggested that vector-borne parasites are expected to evolve a higher level of host exploitation than directly transmitted parasites, and this should thereby result in them being more virulent. Indeed, some data do conform to this general pattern. Nevertheless, his hypothesis has generated some debate about the extent to which it is valid. I explore this issue quantitatively wi...

Parasites are all around us, infecting types of living things and existing as both commensals pathogens.1–3 Many parasitic infections found in tropical subtropical settings disproportionately affect individuals without access to adequate sanitary facilities fresh water.3 Important examples these include malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, food-borne trematodiase...

The present study was the first attempt to survey the diversity of fish zoonotic parasites in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, particularly the Najran area, from October 2012 to October 2013. Approximately 163 fish representing seven species (two of freshwater fish and five of marine fish) were examined for fish-borne trematode metacercariae using the compression technique, and for zoonotic...

• Different filarioid nematode and haemosporidian species are circulating in diverse mosquito urban areas across the southern Great Plains. Dirofilaria immitis was detected two 50% of sampled. Two unidentified were Aedes albopictus . Bird cervid Plasmodium spp. 7 species. Vector-borne diseases United States have recently increased as a result changing nature vectors, hosts, reservoirs, parasite...

Animals that live in a tropical environment are exposed to a variety of pathogens, including tick-borne pathogens, tsetse-borne pathogens and intestinal parasites. The clinical significance of pathogens on a population basis is in part determined by the exposure rate of animals to these pathogens. If the prevalence of pathogens is significantly high, the risk of exposure is high and the potenti...

Sorosphaera viticola is a soil-borne, endophytic parasite of grapevine. It is classifi ed within the plasmodiophorids, an enigmatic group of obligate biotrophic parasites of higher plants. Sorosphaera viticola has been found abundantly in the roots of Vitis spp. in Germany and Canada. This may indicate a global distribution of this root parasite. But its biphasic life-cycle, its soil-borne natu...