Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is an arthropod-borne infection found in the Middle East, Africa, Europe and North America. The disease is caused by several species of Borrelia and transmitted by various species of soft ticks [1,2]. Specific relationships usually exist between Borrelia species, the vector ticks and the distribution area [3]. Ornithodoros tholozani is distributed in the Middle...

tick-borne diseases like tick-borne relapsing fever are a public health problem in iran. its occurrence is more prevalent in north part of country. in order to determine the distribution of soft ticks, argasidae, and their infection with borrelia species in hamadan province, 53 villages were selected randomly. a total of 4805 ticks were collected directly from human dwellings, poultries, and an...

BACKGROUND The mainstay of diagnosis of relapsing fever (RF) is demonstration of the spirochetes in Giemsa-stained thick blood smears, but during non fever periods the bacteria are very scanty and rarely detected in blood smears by microscopy. This study is aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of different methods developed for detection of low-grade spirochetemia. METHODS Animal blood samples w...

40 years [4], respectively). Because IgG against LCMV can persist for years, seroprevalence would be expected to be higher for an older population as a result of more chances for exposure. Also, a serosurvey of >1,000 hospitalized persons from upstate New York in the 1970s detected no positive antibody titers (6), consistent with our fi ndings. Our serosurvey had a few limitations. Blood sample...

in order to study the distribution of argasidae family ticks and the role of o.tholozani in transmitting the relapsing fever agent in rural areas of central province, an investigation was carried out from june to november 1992. in this study, 3371 specimens from 70 villages were collected by simple sampling method technique and subsequently were identified in laboratory. the results showed that...