Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bedaquiline plus background drug regimens (BR) for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Italy. Methods: A Markov model was adapted to the Italian setting to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of bedaquiline plus BR (BBR) versus BR in the treatment of MDR-TB and XDR...

Metabolism fuels all biological activities, and thus understanding its variation is fundamentally important. Much of this variation is related to body size, which is commonly believed to follow a 3/4-power scaling law. However, during ontogeny, many kinds of animals and plants show marked shifts in metabolic scaling that deviate from 3/4-power scaling predicted by general models. Here, we show ...

In this paper, effect of alternative resource for top predator in food chain model with holling type III functional response is seen . Proposed model is demonstrated in respect of analytical as well numerical results. Bifurcation study with the variation of alternative resource and half saturation constants are done numerically. Simulation results shows that suitable alternati...

The term ‘bottleneck’ has been extensively used in operations management literature. Management paradigms like the Theory of Constraints focus on the identification and exploitation of bottlenecks. Yet, we show that the term has not been rigorously defined. We provide a classification of bottleneck definitions available in literature and discuss several myths associated with the concept of bott...

The staged architecture has emerged as an approach to implement highly concurrent Internet services. Staging means that the functionality of the server code is broken down into computational stages with each stage performs some aspect of request processing. A client request would then be processed along a pipeline of these stages. This architecture allows services to behave well and gracefully ...

In this paper, we model a research-and-development project as consisting of several modules, with each module containing one or more activities. We examine how to schedule the activities of such a project in order to maximize the expected profit when the activities have a probability of failure and when an activity’s failure can cause its module and thereby the overall project to fail. A module...

In a middleware environment, various types of transactions are processed simultaneously. In such an environment, it is very important to know the amount of resources necessary for processing each type of transaction. Such data can be used both for resource planning and bottleneck identification. This report proposes a new approach to estimate the per-transaction-type resource consumption in a r...

The resource of e-Business is distributed, but the existing eBusiness resource management is processed in a centralized approach, which has the limitations of single point failure and performance bottleneck. We propose PBiz, an e-Business model based on peer-topeer to overcome these limitations. In PBiz, resource is managed in a totally decentralized approach. Moreover, we extend the routing al...

The problem of Dynamic Job Shop (DJS) scheduling is one of the most complex problems of machine scheduling. This problem is one of NP-Hard problems for solving which numerous heuristic and metaheuristic methods have so far been presented. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are one of these methods which are successfully applied to these problems. In these approaches, of course, better quality of solutions...