Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. Modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. Emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have be...

During the development of the Drosophila adult peripheral nervous system (PNS), inhibitory cell-cell interactions mediated by the Notch receptor are essential for proper specification of sensory organ cell fates. We have reported previously (M. W. Leviten, E. C. Lai and J. W. Posakony (1997) Development 124, 4039-4051) that the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of many genes involved in Notch sign...

We investigated the effect of brown ring disease (BRD) development and algal diet on energy reserves and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant system and immunity in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. We found that algal diet did not impact the metabolic response of clams exposed to Vibrio tapetis. At two days post-injection (dpi), activities of superoxide dismutase a...

Data on associations between weather conditions and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity in autumn-placed feedlot cattle are sparse. The goal of our study was to quantify how different weather variables during corresponding lag periods (considering up to 7 d before the day of disease measure) were associated with daily BRD incidence during the first 45 d of the feeding period based on a p...

Brown ring disease (BRD) causes high mortalities in the introduced Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum cultured in western Europe. The etiological agent of BRD, Vibrio tapetis, adheres to and disrupts the production of the periostracal lamina, causing the anomalous deposition of periostracum around the inner shell. Because the primary sign of BRD is found outside the soft tissues, the processes...

We have isolated a novel class of gain-of-function mutations at the Bearded (Brd) locus which specifically affect the development of adult sensory organs in Drosophila. These Brd alleles cause bristle multiplication and bristle loss phenotypes resembling those described for the neurogenic genes Notch (N) and Delta (Dl). We have found that supernumerary sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells develo...

The problem of Dynamic Job Shop (DJS) scheduling is one of the most complex problems of machine scheduling. This problem is one of NP-Hard problems for solving which numerous heuristic and metaheuristic methods have so far been presented. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are one of these methods which are successfully applied to these problems. In these approaches, of course, better quality of solutions...

The primary objective of this study was to estimate variance components and heritability of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence in beef calves before weaning and during the finishing phase. The second objective was to investigate the impact of BRD incidence and treatment frequency on performance and carcass traits. Bovine respiratory disease is the biggest and most costly health challeng...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common economically important disease affecting cattle. For developing accurate diagnostics that can predict disease susceptibility/resistance and stratification, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms that underlie BRD. To study the complex interactions among the bovine host and the multitude of viral and bacterial pathogens, as well a...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinic...