Accurate measurement of water levels deeper than 1,000 feet in wells requires specialized equipment. Corrections for stretch and thermal expansion of measuring tapes must be considered, and other measuring devices must be calibrated periodically. Borehole deviation corrections also must be made. Devices for recording fluctuation of fluid level usually require mechanical modification for use at ...

Pressure control drilling technology through the precise control of the entire wellbore annular pressure profile, the bottom of the pressure can always maintain the safety density window, so as to achieve the purpose of safe operation. In the drilling process, the use of conventional drilling technology for drilling operations, easily lead to well, overflow and other drilling accidents. In this...

Managed pressure drilling is a sophisticated pressure control method which is intended to meet increasingly high demands in drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. With this method, the well is pressurized and the drilling mud is released through a control choke which can be used to actively control/reject pressure variations. Such a control system needs to handle several disturbances,...

Rotational drilling was a revolution in drilling technology. It made the drilling process more efficient and faster and more depth of well could be achieved through rotation method. Besides all of its advantages, the rotation approach induced some problems like pipe sticking and downhole cleaning to the drilling procedure. Hole cleaning and reduction of torque and drag seems to be vital in incl...