background: considering the dramatic increasing rate of diabetes and consequently its related complications, most importantly diabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn), challenges regarding proper treatment of dpn and its effect on the quality-of-life and care of diabetic patients, the aim of this current study is to evaluate the effect of intradermal botulinum toxin type a (btx-a) injections on pai...

controlled intradermal injection of botulinum toxin type A in recalcitrant axillary hyperhidrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:987-90. 8 Naumann M, Flachenecker P, Bröcker E-B, Toyka KV, Reiners K. Botulinum toxin for palmar hyperhidrosis. Lancet 1997;349:252. 9 Naumann M, Hofmann U, Bergmann I, Hamm H, Toyka KV, Reiners K. Focal hyperhidrosis: effective treatment with intracutaneous botulinum t...

Gerwing, Julia (The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), Claude E. Dolman, M. E. Reichmann, and Hardial S. Bains. Purification and molecular weight determination of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. J. Bacteriol. 88:216-219. 1964.-A method was developed whereby type E botulinus toxin can be obtained in a highly purified state by elution through acidified dieth...

We have read the case report of Al-Ahmad and Al-Qudah1 regarding the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of masseter hypertrophy, and we agree with the authors when they reported that botulinum toxin type A is an option for patients who declined surgical treatment. However, we would like to make some considerations concerning this type of treatment that can contribute to the authors’...

In this Practice article by Antony Smith and colleagues (BMJ 2013;347:f5170, doi:10.1136/bmj.f5170), the section on use of botulinum toxin A for treating overactive bladder wrongly stated that botulinum toxin type A did not have a UK marketing authorisation for this indication. It should have stated: “At the time of publication (September 2013), most botulinum toxin type A preparations did not ...

The passive hemagglutination test with the sheep red blood cells coupled with Clostridium botulinum type E progenitor toxin is highly sensitive and specific to titrate type E botulinum antitoxin. The hemagglutination titers are proportional to the neutralization titers in sera obtained from immunized animals of different species, except for those taken at an early stage after the primary stimul...

Fiock, Mary A. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), Allen Yarinsky, and James T. Duff. Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum. VII. Purification and detoxification of trypsin-activated type E toxin. J. Bacteriol. 82:66-71. 1961.-A procedure was described for production, purification, and conversion to toxoid of the Clostridium botulinum type E trypsin-treated toxin. A medium containi...

A monoclonal antibody (BA11) has been produced against Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by the fusion of myeloma cells (P3 NS1/1-Ag4-1) with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with botulinum type A neurotoxoid. The antibody bound specifically to botulinum type A neurotoxin, showing no cross-reactivity with types B and E botulinum toxins or with any of several other bacterial toxins ...

Gerwing, Julia (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada), Claude E. Dolman, and Arthur Ko. Mechanism of tryptic activation of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. J. Bacteriol. 89:1176-1179. 1965.-The toxic peptide of trypsin activated Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was purified by chromatography through columns packed with Sephadex G-75 and G-50. The molecular weight of the ...