the purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activation patterns in response to thehuman color preference by using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). a total of 31 healthyhumans without color blindness were participated in this study. the brain activation was induced by viewingof eight different colors: black, gray, blue, green, earthy yellow, red, yellow and white. the q...

Background and Aim: Brain mapping is a study of the anatomy and function of the CNS (central nervous system). Brain mapping has many techniques and these techniques are permanently changing and updating. From the beginning, brain mapping was invasive and for brain mapping, electrical stimulation of the exposed brain was needed. However, nowadays brain mapping does not require electrical stimula...

it is an intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in an applied format. this technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. it has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. anodal stimu...

objectives: stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. hand motor impairment resulting from chronic stroke may have extensive physical, psychological, financial, and social implications despite available rehabilitative treatments. the best time to start treatment for stroke, is in sub-acute period. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) is a method of stimulating and augme...

background: non motor symptoms (nms) of idiopathic parkinson’s disease (pd) are a major cause of disability and recognition of these symptoms and treatment is important for comprehensive health care. deep   brain   stimulation   of   bilateral   subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn dbs) has been shown to improve motor symptoms in pd and effects on nms are unknown. to investigate the ...

background : subthalamic nucleus (stn) stimulation is the  reatment of choice for carefully chosen patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease (pd) and refractory motor fluctuations. we evaluated the value of intraoperative electrophysiology during stn deep brain stimulation (dbs) procedures in refining the anatomically-defined target. methods : we determined the spatial distance between the a...

It is an Intensive 1-day course for introducing utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an applied format. This technique is a noninvasive brain stimulation that uses direct electrical currents over the head to stimulate specific parts of the brain which modulates neuronal activity. It has strong potentiality in the field of medical and neuroscientific research. Anodal stimu...

conclusions ma is nowadays the most accurate stereotactic anatomic guide for targeting the human na. it is a representative example of how stereotactic microanatomy could serve the development of stereotactic microneurosurgery. following the currently used trajectory through the alic, a dbs electrode placement within the na, targeting the ma, is feasible, allowing either na or alic stimulation....

during the past .. years, non-invasive .rain stimulation has .ecome an emerging .eld in clinical neuroscience due to its capability to transiently modulate corticospinal excitability, motor and cognitive functions. .hereas transcranial magnetic stimulation has .een used e.tensively since more than t.o decades ago as a potential .neuromodulator., transcranial current stimulation .tcs. has more r...

brain stimulation techniques are important in both basic and clinical studies. majority of well-known brain stimulating techniques have low spatial resolution or entail invasive processes. low intensity focused ultrasound (lifu) seems to be a proper candidate for dealing with such deficiencies. this review recapitulates studies which explored the effects of lifu on brain structures and its func...