In the Preface of his book, Bray insists his work is not about single cells possessing consciousness. “I say repeatedly in the book as clearly as English words will allow that in my opinion single cells are not sentient or aware in the same way that we are,” he writes (p. ix). The key part of this claim, however, is the clause “in the same way that we are.” Bray is not equating cellular and hum...

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