abstract dormancy in potato minituber buds is one of the limiting factors on planting them after harvesting. this study was undertaken in a completely randomized nested with arrengment three replications to examine the effective hormonal and temperature treatments on rapid breaking of minitubers dormancy at 2008. treatments included gibberellic acid (2 and 5 mg/l), benzyl adenine (5 and 10 mg/l...

although, grapevines do not have a high chilling requirement, its fulfillment is critical for normal development of the vines. in tropical and subtropical regions such as farrashband, in the south of iran, there is no adequate winter chilling to release bud dormancy in grapevines. so it is necessary to consider the effect of chemical dormancy–breaking agents on bud dormancy. in the present rese...

increasing development of nano-technology in optics and photonics by using modern methods of light control in waveguide devices and requiring miniaturization and electromagnetic devices such as antennas, transmission and storage as well as improvement in the electromagnetic tool, have led researchers to use the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (eit) and similar phenomena i...

Many CSPs can be effectively represented and efficiently solved using matrix models, in which the matrices may have symmetry between their rows and/or columns. Eliminating all such symmetry can be very costly as there are in general exponentially many symmetries. Cost-effective methods have been proposed to break much of the symmetry, if not all. In this paper, we continue with this line of res...

We present a comprehensive study of the use of value precedence constraints to break value symmetry. We first give a simple encoding of value precedence into ternary constraints that is both efficient and effective at breaking symmetry. We then extend value precedence to deal with a number of generalizations like wreath value and partial interchangeability. We also show that value precedence is...

Covering arrays have been studied for their applications to drug screening and software and hardware testing. In this paper, we model the problem as a constraint program. Our proposed models exploit non-binary (global) constraints, redundant modelling, channelling constraints, and symmetry breaking constraints. Our initial experiments show that with our best integrated model, we are able to eit...

pollution of water and soils by heavy metals is an emerging problem in industrialized countries.the present study was conducted to investigate the heavy metals concentration in water and sedimentsamples from ship breaking sites of sitakunda to assess the potential ecological risk posed by heavy metalusing different methods. heavy metals concentration was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrosco...

Complete row and column symmetry breaking in constraint models using the lex leader method is generally prohibitively costly. Double lex, which is derived from lex leader, is commonly used in practice as an incomplete symmetrybreaking method for row and column symmetries. Double lex is based on a rowwise canonical variable ordering. However, this choice is arbitrary. We investigate other canoni...