Breakwaters are coastal structures constructed to shelter a harbour basin from waves. There are two main types: rubble-mound breakwaters, consisting of various layers of stones or concrete pieces of different sizes (weights), making up a porous mound; and vertical breakwaters, impermeable and monolythic, habitually composed of concrete caissons. This article deals with rubble-mound breakwaters....

This paper proposes a robust navigation method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operating around structures such as harbors and breakwaters. This method consists of a state estimator and a motion controller, enabling localization in the configuration map as well as following pre-given waypoints without any external help. The state estimator is based on a “particle filter” where the veh...

Strong differences have been observed between the assemblages on artificial reefs and on natural hard-bottom habitats worldwide, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause contrasting biodiversity patterns. We examined the influence of spatial attributes in relation to both biogenic and topographic microhabitats, in the distribution and composition of intertidal species on both artific...

breakwaters are the important and the costly ones of the marine structures. composite breakwater is one of the common types in the world. because of the sensitivity of composite breakwaters to environmental conditions, also construction costs, difficulty of repair and maintenance and importance of equipments on and behind the breakwater, design of composite breakwater must be very accurate. goa...

A reshaping berm breakwater is a type of rubble mound breakwater in which, its seaward slope is allowed to reshape under wave attacks. There are some key parameters in the reshaped seaward profiles, which can schematize the reshaped profile of a berm breakwater. A total of 412 test results was used directly to cover the impact of sea state conditions and structural parameters on these reshaping...

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are suitable for underwater observation, since they can swim freely without an umbilical cable. This paper proposes a robust navigation method for AUVs operating around artificial structures such as piers, quays and breakwaters. This method consists of a State Estimator and a Guidance System, enabling localization in the configuration map as well as followi...

Breakwaters are the important and the costly ones of the marine structures. Composite breakwater is one of the common types in the world. Because of the progress in marine industry in Iran in recent years, designers have noticed this structure. Because of the sensitivity of composite breakwater to environmental conditions, also construction costs, difficulty of repair and maintenance and import...