background: contralateral axillary metastasis (cam) is a rare entity in patients with breast cancer which can occur during the primary breast cancer or its follow-up. different treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but there is no agreement on them. in our review, we found 12 series with available data, 82 patients with synchronous or metachronous contralateral a...

Abstract Introduction: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer is a subgroup of breast tumors that is more likely to respond to hormone therapy. ER-positive and ER- negative breast cancers tend to show different patterns of metastasis because of different signaling cascade and genes that are activated by estrogen response. Genetic factors can contribute to high rates of metastas...

Abstract Introduction: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer is a subgroup of breast tumors that is more likely to respond to hormone therapy. ER-positive and ER- negative breast cancers tend to show different patterns of metastasis because of different signaling cascade and genes that are activated by estrogen response. Genetic factors can contribute to high rates of metastas...

Background: A soluble form of HER-2/neu extracellular domain (sHER-2) is reported to be released in the sera of metastatic breast cancer patients. Objective: To measure the level of sHER-2 in sera of 115 breast cancer patients. Methods: Serial samples of 27 patients with metastasis, 18 non-metastatic patients, 15 patients in stage 0/I and 14 patients with accompanying benign breast disease were...

objective(s): bonenavi, a computer-aided diagnostic system, is used in bone scintigraphy. this system provides the artificial neural network (ann) and bone scan index (bsi) values. ann is associated with the possibility of bone metastasis, while bsi is related to the amount of bone metastasis. the degree of uptake on bone scintigraphy can be affected by the type of bone metastasis. therefore, t...

Objective(s): BONENAVI, a computer-aided diagnostic system, is used in bone scintigraphy. This system provides the artificial neural network (ANN) and bone scan index (BSI) values. ANN is associated with the possibility of bone metastasis, while BSI is related to the amount of bone metastasis. The degree of uptake on bone scintigraphy can be affected by the type of bone metastasis. Therefore, t...

metastasis from breast cancer to other parts of the body is very common, but the spread of the tumor to pituitary gland, especially to infandibulum, is a rare presentation. at the time of pituitary metastasis, a majority of the patients have clinical and radiological evidence of the disease. it seems that the posterior area of the gland is the most common site of metastasis, probably due to hig...

Breast metastasis of ovarian carcinoma is rare. To date, only 39 cases have been reported in the English-language  literature  so  far.  We  are  herewith  reporting  a  primary  ovarian  papillary  serous  cyst adenocarcinoma metastasing to breast and epsilateral supraclavicular node in a 58 year old female as the first case in our centre, located at North-East India.  The purpose of reporting...