Linear Quadratic Dynamic Matrix Control has been applied to the Benchmark Simulation Model 1 (BSM1) wastewater treatment plant to maintain the effluent quality within regulations-specified limits. Good performance was achieved under steady influent characteristics, especially concerning the nitrogen-related species. In presence of influent disturbances the behavior was less satisfactory but the...

Many relevant process states in wastewater treatment are not measurable, or their measurements are subject to considerable uncertainty. This poses a serious problem for process monitoring and control. Model-based state estimation can provide estimates of the unknown states and increase the reliability of measurements. In this paper, an integrated approach is presented for the optimization-based...

In this paper, we consider the problem of fault detection (FD) and isolation in the aeration system of an activated sludge process. For this study, the dissolved oxygen in each aerated zone is assumed to be controlled automatically. As the basis for an FD method we use the ratio of air flow rates into different zones. The method is evaluated in two scenarios: using the Benchmark Simulation Mode...

In this work, the stability, controllability and observability properties of a class activated sludge plants are analysed. Specifically, five biological reactors secondary settler in Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 (BSM1) studied. For task, we represented plant as dynamical system consisting 145 state variables, 13 controls, 14 disturbances 15 outputs complex networks to study its full-state f...

INTRODUCTION Thalassaemic osteopathy is a multifactorial disorder and limited information exists about bone accrual and bone mineral density (BMD) in prepubertal thalassaemic children. The study aimed to investigate some potential genetic and biochemical bone markers as possible early predictors of BMD variations in children with β-thalassaemia major (TM) before puberty. MATERIAL AND METHODS ...

Prior studies have suggested that vitamin D may reduce ovarian cancer risk. Thus, we examined whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (Fok1, Bsm1, Cdx2) were associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a retrospective case-control study (New England Case-Control study, NECC) and a nested case-control study of three prospective cohort stu...

Cancer is a major health problem and cause of death worldwide that accounted for 7.6 million deaths in 2008, which is projected to continue rising with an estimated 13.1 million deaths in 2030 according to WHO. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-based death among women around the world and its incidence is increasing annually with a similar tendency. In contrast, renal cell carcinoma ...