The proliferation of jails and prisons as places of institutionalization for persons with serious mental illness (SMI) has resulted in many of these patients receiving jail-based punishments, including solitary confinement. Starting in 2013, the New York City (NYC) jail system developed a new treatment unit for persons with SMI who were judged to have violated jail rules (and previously would h...

Racially disparate school disciplinary practices create inequitable circumstances for minority and immigrant youth around the world. In U.S., Black are more likely than their White peers to be suspended minor, non-violent infractions. This study explores (a) whether cultural socialization reported by students (N = 544; Mage (SD) 12.45 (1.57); 49% boys) teachers 38; 84% female) were linked a red...

The figure of culpable recidivism typified in Article 57 the Ecuadorian Organic Integral Penal Code is analyzed with respect to existence possible violations basic principles law, such as proportionality and culpability, addition its application an aggravating factor cases dangerousness offender potential commit infractions again, highlighting non-compliance purposes criminal law. divergence be...

Members of the medical profession spend a long time and financial resources acquiring the knowledge necessary for the discharge of their responsibilities; therefore, they should be appropriately compensated for the services they provide. However, it has become obvious, at least in the United States, that excessive emphasis on profit making is fostering the transformation of the medical professi...

Background: Infractions other than collisions are also a crucial factor in autonomous driving since infractions can result an accident. Most existing works have been conducted on navigation and collisions; however, fewer studies such as off-road not obeying road signs. Furthermore, state-of-the-art models performed dynamic 3D object detection the imitation learning stage; hence, performance of ...