Single capacitance sensors are sensitive to soil property variability. The objectives of this study were to: (i) establish site-specific laboratory calibration equations of three single capacitance sensors (EC-20, EC-10, and ML2x) for tropical soils, and (ii) evaluate the accuracy and precision of these sensors. Intact soil cores and bulk samples, collected from the top 20 and 80 cm soil depths...

As device dimensions are scaled down, single event transients (SET) are increasingly affecting the reliability of integrated circuits. An SET is a transient voltage perturbation caused by an energetic particle strike at the semiconductor. This work studies the applicability of bulk built in current sensors (bulk-BICS) for SET detection in deep-submicron technologies. The bulk-BICS detects the t...

Two new sensors for the detection of reactive oxygen species have been synthesized and characterized; they contain the 4-amino-7-nitrobenzofurazan (ABF) moiety covalently tethered to a phenol. Comparison of sensors ABFhd and dABFhd (the latter containing two ortho-methyl groups) shows that introduction of steric bulk leads to an improvement of fluorescent sensor performance, thus confirming our...

We present a concept for the realization of InGaAs/InP micromachined thermoelectric sensors. The advantages of InGaAs lattice matched to InP combine perfectly for this application. The high selectivity of wet chemical etching of InP against InGaAs is ideally suited for surface bulk micromachining. Thermoelectric InGaAs sensors profit from the high thermal resistivity combined with high electric...

The properties of nanosized bismuth particles are investigated using a nanocalorimetric technique. A brief description of the experimental method and data analysis procedures is reported. Bismuth nanoparticles are found to melt at a temperature below that of bulk material, but higher than expected using the standard model. Also included is the results of a finite element analysis and simulated ...

We describe a vertically scanning infrared radiometer for measuring the air-sea temperature difference without disturbing the water skin layer. The radiometer operates with a single wavelength channel that is 1.1 mum wide, centered on 14.2 mum, on the short-wavelength edge of a CO(2) atmospheric absorption band. The resulting high atmospheric absorption enables calibration of the horizontal-vie...

Leakage reduction plays an important role in power consumption in many of the systems like image sensors. Adaptive bulk biasing control scheme is used to reduce the leakage during the standby mode of operation in the systems. Advanced WDR image sensors used to take images especially in situations where the light enters a premise from different angles, i.e. where both the dark and bright areas a...