introduction: performing research on (human) volunteers may involve useful or harmful effects. to preserve the volunteers' dignity, numerous world associations have issued declarations such as nuremberg's, helsinki's, belmont's report, etc. one of the four ethical principles in research is respecting volunteers' rights and the most obvious aspect of this respect materializes in obtaining the vo...

PURPOSE To produce an internationally valid tool to assess skill in performing lateral tarsal strip surgery. METHODS A panel of 7 content experts adapted a previously published tool for assessing lateral tarsal strip surgery by using a modified Dreyfus scale of skill acquisition and providing behavioral descriptors for each level of skill in each category. The tools were then reviewed by 11 i...

How do comments on student writing from peers compare to those from subject-matter experts? This study examined the types of comments that reviewers produce as well as their perceived helpfulness. Comments on classmates’ papers were collected from two undergraduate and one graduate-level psychology course. The undergraduate papers in one of the courses were also commented on by an independent p...

As a foundation for the IA, six topical reports were written by teams of experts. Public comments on the six reports were received from 34 organizations and individuals. Those reports and the public comments received on them, were used to draft the IA. The draft of the IA was also made available for public comment and those comments considered in completing the IA. Public comments on the draft ...

This paper describes an extractive summarizer for educational science content called COGENT. COGENT extends MEAD based on strategies elicited from an empirical study with domain and instructional experts. COGENT implements a hybrid approach integrating both domain independent sentence scoring features and domain-aware features. Initial evaluation results indicate that COGENT outperforms existin...

background: the first stage of the accreditation, process as the most important way of assurance and improvement of the quality of high education process is collection of standards. to describe present and desirable quality of nursing and midwifery postgraduate education via accreditation process in iran, we decided to compile applicable standards in this field, using available international st...

To diminish the validation load on busy experts, a bi-directional, many-sided explanation typed multi-step validation method (MMBV) was proposed, which can decrease the validation tasks of experts (Tsuruta et al., 2000). This paper proposes the extension of MMBV. In this method, through the validation results and comments of experts, validation knowledge can be automatically acquired as case-ba...