This study simulates natural convection flow resulting from heat partitions in an H-shaped enclosure filled with a nanofluid using incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. The right area of the is saturated non-Darcy porous media. center variable walls are kept at high-temperature Th. left and positioned low temperature Tc other adiabatic. In ISPH method, source term pressu...

The x-ray radiation shielding requirements beyond the first optics enclosure have been considered for the beam transport of the 2-ID-B and 2-ID-C branch lines of Sector 2 (SRI-CAT) of the APS. The first three optical components (mirrors) of the 2-ID-B branch are contained within the shielded first optics enclosure. Calculations indicate that scattering of the primary synchrotron beam by beamlin...

Non-human animals and human children can make use of the geometric shape of an environment for spatial reorientation and in some circumstances reliance on purely geometric information (metric properties of surfaces and sense) can overcome the use of local featural cues. Little is known as to whether the use of geometric information is in some way reliant on past experience or, as would likely b...

Pigeons (Columba livia) searched for food hidden in the center of a square enclosure. On occasional tests without food, the enclosure was (a) unchanged from training (control tests), (b) moved to different corners of the testing room (corner tests), or (c) doubled in size (expansion tests). The birds showed localized search in the center of the enclosure on control and corner tests. On expansio...

We studied immune responses of the jird Meriones crassus to different flea species belonging to the same family. We used jirds maintained in an outdoor enclosure (enclosure; N=18) and parasitized by fleas Xenopsylla conformis mycerini and Xenopsylla ramesis, and also jirds born in the laboratory to previously parasitized mothers (laboratory animals; N=23). We asked (i) whether cross-immunity to...

Analytical models are presented for conduction shape factors for three-dimensional regions formed between an isothermal, arbitrarily-shaped body and its concentric, arbitrarily-shaped surrounding enclosure. The model is based on the exact solution for the concentric spheres and two methods are developed to predict the effective gap spacing. The models are validated using existing numerical data...