The production of second-generation (2G) ethanol remains an interesting proposition for the implementation sustainable and net carbon–neutral energy systems. To be economically viable, 2G biorefineries must make use all processing streams, including less desirable pentose (C5) sugar stream. In this work, a strategy sequential dilute acid alkaline pretreatment lignocellulosic feedstock, switchgr...

Improving our comprehension of diverse CO2 activation pathways is of vital importance for the widespread future utilization of this abundant greenhouse gas. CO2 activation by uranium(III) complexes is now relatively well understood, with oxo/carbonate formation predominating as CO2 is readily reduced to CO, but isolated thorium(III) CO2 activation is unprecedented. We show that the thorium(III)...

in the water-limited areas, the great challenge of the agricultural sector is more production from less water that it can be achieved by increasing water productivity. a field study was conducted to compare various cultivars of wheat to water using line source sprinkler irrigation at gorgan research station in 2005-2006. the effect of variable water supply on yield and wue of six wheat cultivar...

C5-deficient mice differed from C5-sufficient mice both quantitatively and qualitatively in C5 protein, C5 mRNA, and the C5 gene. C5-deficient protein was present as decreased amounts of an unprocessed, single-chain precursor. C5-deficient mRNA was decreased in amount and present in two forms, the smaller of which was the same as the single form in normal cells. Nuclei from both normal and defi...

The fifth component of complement, C5, can form fragments that cause neutrophil chemotaxis, oxygen radical production, and lysosomal enzyme release. The purpose of this study was to determine if C5 and these fragments contribute to the inflammation seen in pulmonary oxygen toxicity as defined by histology and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, the role of C5 in produc...

Complement activation is involved in the initiation of Ab-mediated inflammatory demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At a sublytic dose, the C5b-9 membrane attack complex protects oligodendrocytes (OLG) from apoptosis. Using C5-deficient (C5-d) mice, we previously showed a dual role for C5: enhancement of inflammatory demyelination in acute EAE, and promotion of rem...

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that are a threat to crop production worldwide. Drought stress impairs the plants growth and yield. Therefore, the aim of the present experiment was to select the tolerant genotype/s on the basis of moprpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of 10 Vicia faba genotypes (Zafar 1, Zafar 2, Shebam, Makamora, Espan, Giza Blanka, Giza 3, ...

The z-direction (ZD) elastic properties of paper have received little attention in the past because of measurement difficulties. This paper describes the effects of wet pressing, refining, and yield on three ZD elastic properties, C33 , C4 4 , and C55. The elastic parameters were measured using ultrasonic methods on an unbleached kraft oak pulp. The ZD elastic parameters were very sensitive to ...

C5-deficient mice grafted with thymus from C5-sufficient donors and immunized with C5 failed to make humoral antibody to C5, suggesting that the transfer of thymus had induced tolerance. Irradiated C5-deficient hosts repopulated with lymphoid cells from thymectomized C5-deficient mice grafted with C5-sufficient thymus also failed to respond to immunization with C5, thus showing that the state o...