One of the most revolutionary materials introduced in Endodontics was the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The investigations regarding MTA formulation allowed researchers to disclose the composition and also some clinical problems related to the clinical application of this material. The augmentation on MTA’s studies resulted in the development a new generation of Endodontic materials, the ca...

Scale and corrosion control are big challenges in utilizing geothermal energy. In the production wells, during or after flashing, brineresults in higher pH, which can happen deep inside the well.Higher pH in combination with high temperature causes calcium carbonate precipitation. Silica/Silicate precipitation becomes a problem when the brine gets cold in the surface equipment and the rejection...

Hydration of tri-calcium silicate (C3S) and di-calcium silicate (C2S) precipitates calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) which is the bonding phase responsible for the strength of cementitious materials. Substitution of part of C3S and C2S with aluminumcontaining additives alters the chemical composition of hydration products by precipitating calcium-aluminate-silicatehydrate (CASH). Incorporation of ...

Cement setting and cohesion are governed by the precipitation and growth of calcium-silicate-hydrate, through a complex evolution of microstructure. A colloidal model to describe nucleation, packing, and rigidity of calcium-silicate-hydrate aggregates is proposed. Polydispersity and particle size dependent cohesion strength combine to produce a spectrum of packing fractions and of corresponding...

background and aim:  several reports have been published on the successful application of various bone substitute materials (bsm). appropriate physiologic and histologic characteristics and reactions of these materials against host cells are critically important. in this study, the biocompatibility of a new bone substitute material has been evaluated. materials and methods: in this experimental...

1 Calcium Silicate Hydrates in cementitious materials 1.1 Sustainability Challenge .... ..................... 1.2 Cement Chemistry Notation A Primer ............ 1.3 Hydration of Portland Cement ...................... 1.3.1 Initial and slow reaction periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Nucleation & Growth of C-S-H . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Open Questions in Cement Hydration . . . . . ....

Wheat is the world's second most produced grain because of its high consumption rate, easy growth, multipurpose use and important role in the human diet. Every year, abundant amounts of wheat hull are obtained after shell process of the wheat as a waste material. Wheat hull, a by-product of the food industry, has low economic value. The utilization of wheat hull ash in various areas of industry...