This paper concerns the explicit treatment of substitutions in the lambda calculus. One of its contributions is the simplification and rationalization of the suspension calculus that embodies such a treatment. The earlier version of this calculus provides a cumbersome encoding of substitution composition, an operation that is important to the efficient realization of reduction. This encoding is...

Urolithiasis is a polyetiological and polypathogenetic disease. The modern task of treatment SCC not only the elimination calculus, but also prevention causes that led to its formation. lack comprehensive approach correction metabolic disorders leads fact 7-10% patients after removal calculus relapse within 1 year, 35% - 5 years 50% 10 years. mean time recurrence in every second patient 8.8 ± 1...

introduction here we report an unusual case of massive stone formation in augmented urinary bladder. case presentation a 25-year-old man presented with recurrent urinary tract infection ten years after augmentation cystoplasty after a complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect. on evaluation by ultrasonography, x-ray, and computed tomography of abdomen showed large burden of stones in ...

In many theorem proving applications, a proper treatment of equational theories or equality is mandatory. In this paper we show how to integrate a modern treatment of equality in the Model Evolution calculus (ME), a firstorder version of the propositional DPLL procedure. The new calculus, MEE, is a proper extension of the ME calculus without equality. Like ME it maintains an explicit candidate ...

Infinitesimal calculus is heavily used in decision making analysis. This paper demonstrates that the application of quantum calculus in analysing preferences choice directly introduces background risk and its effects on risk-aversion, subjective probabilities and moment preferences. Quantum calculus provides another approach to the mathematical treatment of decision making, namely analysis of u...

introdouction: overhang refers to the extension of restoration material from the cavity. it has an important role in decay, plaque accumulation and periodontal disease, so the aim of this study is determining the frequency of restoration overhang in patients in anzali, guilan. materials and methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was completed using 293 patients who visited for routine ...

the object of this paper is to establish certain generalized fractional integration and differentiation involving generalized mittag-leffler function defined by salim and faraj [25]. the considered generalized fractional calculus operators contain the appell's function $f_3$ [2, p.224] as kernel and are introduced by saigo and maeda [23]. the marichev-saigo-maeda fractional calculus operat...

We describe a polymorphic, typed lambda calculus with substructural features. This calculus extends the first-order substructural lambda calculus αλ associated with bunched logic. A particular novelty of our new calculus is the substructural treatment of second-order variables. This is accomplished through the use of bunches of type variables in typing contexts. Both additive and multiplicative...