13 The Great Glen Fault (GGF) trends NNE-SSW across northern Scotland. According to 14 previous studies, the GGF developed as a left-lateral strike slip fault during the Caledonian 15 Orogeny (Ordovician to Early Devonian). However, it then reactivated right-laterally in the 16 Tertiary. We discuss additional evidence for this later phase. At Eathie and Shandwick, minor 17 folds and faults in f...

In contrast to continent/continent collision, arc-continent collision generates very short-lived orogeny because the buoyancy-driven impedance of the subduction of continental lithosphere, accompanied by arc/suprasubduction-zone ophiolite obduction, is relieved by subduction polarity reversal (flip). This tectonic principle is illustrated by the early Ordovician Grampian Orogeny in the British ...

Scottish ‘Newer Granites’ record the evolution of Caledonides resulting from Iapetus subduction and slab breakoff during Silurian–Devonian Scandian Orogeny, but relationships between geodynamics, petrogenesis emplacement are incomplete. Laser ablation U–Pb results magmatic zircons at Cluanie Pluton (Northern Highlands) identify clusters concordant Silurian data points. A cluster with a weighted...

New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) are prolific tool users in captivity and in the wild, and have an inherited predisposition to express tool-oriented behaviours. To further understand the evolution and development of tool use, we compared the development of object manipulation in New Caledonian crows and common ravens (Corvus corax), which do not routinely use tools. We found striking ...

Recent studies have shown that biosignatures of ancient microbial life exist in mineral coatings deep bedrock fractures Precambrian cratons, but such surveys been few and far between. Here, we report results from southwestern Sweden an area 1.6–1.5 Ga Paleoproterozoic rocks heavily reworked by the 1.14–0.96 Sveconorwegian orogeny, a terrane previously scarcely explored for biosignatures. Calcit...

The Caledonian basement crops out in the middle and southern part of Belgium two major tectonic units: Brabant Massif Parautochthon Stavelot-Venn, Rocroi, Givonne Serpont inliers Ardenne Allochthon. main aim this work is to achieve a chronostratigraphic correlation between inliers, from lower Cambrian Middle Ordovician. Throughout his career, Michel Vanguestaine established an informal acritarc...

The extensional collapse of the Scandinavian Caledonides resulted in rapid tectonic denudation of the orogen, exhumation of highand ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks and provided a structural template for the formation of Devonian supra-detachment sedimentary basins. The geometry and intensity of the extensional deformation show considerable variation vertically in the crustal section as we...

Case Study Winning Customer Loyalty in an Automotive Company through Six Sigma: a Case Study Maneesh Kumar1, Jiju Antony1,∗,†, Frenie Jiju Antony1 and Christian N. Madu2 1Centre for Research in Six Sigma and Process Improvement (CRISSPI), Division of Management, Caledonian Business School, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, U.K. 2Department of Management and Management Science, Lubi...

Abstract Earthquakes at lower crustal depths are common during continental collision. However, the coseismic weakening mechanisms required to propagate an earthquake high pressures poorly understood. Transient high-pressure fluids or melts have been proposed as a viable mechanism, but verifying this requires direct in situ measurement of fluid melt overpressure along fault planes that hosted dy...