this review deals with studies that have used cdna microarrays and immunohistochemistry to identify a subtype of breast carcinoma recently known as “basal-like” carcinoma. the key breast carcinoma studies are critically discussed to highlight methodological problems in cohort selection, definitions, interpretation of results, and statistical analysis. it concludes that “basal-like” carcinomas d...

context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

i n troduction: cancer is a major cause of mortality in the modern world, and one of the most important health problems in societies. during recent years, research on cancer as a system biology disease is focused on molecular differences between cancer cells and healthy cells. most of the proposed methods for classifying cancer using gene expression data act as black boxes and lack biological i...

we can reach by dna microarray gene expression to such wealth of information with thousands of variables (genes). analysis of this information can show genetic reasons of disease and tumor differences. in this study we try to reduce high-dimensional data by statistical method to select valuable genes with high impact as biomarkers and then classify ovarian tumor based on gene expression data of...

objective her-2/neu gene is overexpressed in diverse human cancers and studies suggest a role of its product – p185 protein – in tumor progression by specifically promoting the invasive capacity of tumor cells. our aim was to evaluate her-2/neu content in resectable gastric cancer in this geographical region and assess the relationship between p185 expression and clinicopathologic tumor paramet...

since mammography images are in low-contrast, applying enhancement techniques as a pre-processing step are wisely recommended in classification of the abnormal lesions into benign or malignant. a new kind of structural enhancement is proposed by morphological operator which introduces an optimal gaussian kernel primitive, the kernel parameters are optimized the use of genetic algorithm­­. we al...

the improvement of high-through-put gene profiling based microarrays technology has provided monitoring the expression value of thousands of genes simultaneously. detailed examination of changes in expression levels of genes can help physicians to have effi cient diagnosing, classification of tumors and cancer’s types as well as effective treatments. finding genes that can classify the group of...

every woman is at risk of ovarian cancer; about 90 percent of women who develop ovarian cancer are above 40 years of age, with the high number of ovarian cancers occurring at the age of 60 years and above. early and correct diagnosis of ovarian cancer can allow proper treatment and as a result reduce the mortality rate. in this paper, we proposed a hybrid of synthetic minority over-sampling tec...

breathomics is the metabolomics study of exhaled air. it is a powerful emerging metabolomics research field that mainly focuses onhealth-related volatile organic compounds (vocs). since the quantity of these compounds varies with health status, breathomics assuresto deliver noninvasive diagnostic tools. thus, the main aim of breathomics is to discover patterns of vocs related to abnormal metabo...

cancer is one of the causes of death in the world. several treatment methods exist against cancer cells such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. since traditional methods have side effects on normal cells and are expensive, identification and developing a new method to cancer therapy is very important. antimicrobial peptides, present in a wide variety of organisms, such as plants, amphibians and ...