Substantial losses from credit card fraud are forcing retail industry executives to reevaluate the effectiveness of their ability to prevent this type of crime. In 1992, management at Tops Appliance City Inc. decided to reassess its own fraud prevention program in an attempt to prevent future losses. An analysis of the Tops' problem pointed out the need to differentiate legitimate from illegiti...

Using methods of coupling we analyze two models of card shuffling, the random transposition and the random-to-random process, to find minimal coupling times. Disregarding the rank and suit on the standard playing cards we are familiar with, we focus only on the color; specifically, we consider decks where half the cards are white and half are black. We define the total gaps on a pair of decks, ...

This paper is concerned with the business strategy in managing payment innovations. Particularly, the study looks at the smart card electronic cash (e-cash) innovation in the financial service industry. The smart card e-cash has yet to overcome obstacles to its diffusion. Given the e-commerce opportunity, banks and non-banks compete to deploy smart card technology for Internet use. A review of ...

One of the issues facing credit card fraud detection systems is that a significant percentage of transactions labeled as fraudulent are in fact legitimate. These "false alarms" delay the detection of fraudulent transactions and can cause unnecessary concerns for customers. In this study, over 1 million unique credit card transactions from 11 months of data from a large Canadian bank w...

According to some authoritative marketing analysis, a large percentage of daily sales are increased by its frequent customers. Due to the above fact almost all the stores started to implement point card or loyalty card schemes to achieve the eighty to twenty situation for both the customers and the retailers. Currently average customer has got at least five to six loyalty cards on different sto...

In the context of maintenance testing and diagnosis of faulty boards, a functional FSM (Finite State Machine)based model for mixed-signal board has been introduced. The board is broken down into interconnected functional blocks. Each block has an associated functional model which describes its behavior and a test model which specifies how the block can be efficiently tested. A test model for a ...

Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is an effective, well-designed package to train educators of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, BST was used three teachers on how accurately implement the Power Card Strategy (PCS). Multiple probe design conditions across participants for assessing effects using PCS. Data indicated that all showed significant improvement in PCS prac...

As EU security is an intergovernmental policy area, it has been assumed that the only relevant policy-shapers are member states. However, more recent analyses show supranational actors, like Commission, have developed strategies to enhance their role in this traditionally interstate realm. This article endorses reasoning and intends cast some light on these strategies. Building Kingdon's concep...