Renal dysfunction is a common and progressive complication of chronic heart failure, with a clinical course that typically fluctuates with the patient’s clinical status and treatment. Despite growing recognition of the frequent presentation of combined cardiac and renal dysfunction, or “cardiorenal syndrome,” its underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, and no consensus as to its appr...

Intracellular accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins in the setting of cardiorenal syndrome leads to adverse effects on cardiorenal cellular functions, where cardiac hypertrophy and cardiorenal fibrosis are the hallmarks. In this study, we sought to determine if Apoptosis Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 (ASK1), an upstream regulator of cellular stress response, mediates cardiac hypertrophy and c...

Impaired cardiac function leads to activation of the neurohumoral axis, sodium and water retention, congestion and ultimately impaired kidney function. This sequence of events has been termed the Cardiorenal Syndrome. This is different from the increase in cardiovascular complications which occur with primary kidney disease, that is, the so-called Renocardiac Syndrome. The present review discus...

Our understanding of the cardiorenal syndrome continues to progress. Decades of research have led to a better definition of the clinical cardiorenal syndrome and have laid the groundwork for understanding its pathophysiology. Although improvements have been made, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the interactions of these two organ systems. In the present review, we examine those intera...

Cardiorenal syndrome is a condition in which a complex interrelationship between cardiac dysfunction and renal dysfunction exists. Despite advances in treatment of both cardiovascular and kidney disease, cardiorenal syndrome remains a major global health problem. Characteristic of the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome is bidirectional cross-talk; mediators/substances activated by the dise...

BACKGROUND Severe aortic stenosis (AS) may lead to acute decompensated heart failure resistant to medical treatment. Here, we report a successful emergent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in a patient presenting with decompensated severe AS accompanied by cardiorenal syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION A 82-year-old man presented at our emergency department with aggravated dyspnea. His c...

BACKGROUND Cardiorenal syndrome has been recently divided into 5 categories, according to acute or chronic evolution and primary organ dysfunction. Anemia can also accompany this disorder, leading to a more complex situation. This study aims to analyze the renal outcomes of patients, specifically patients with chronic Cardiorenal syndrome, with or without anemia, long-term after heart transplan...

The coexistence of heart failure and renal dysfunction constitutes the "cardiorenal syndrome" which is increasingly recognized as a marker of poor prognosis. Patients with cardiorenal dysfunction constitute a large and heterogeneous group where individuals can have markedly different outcomes and disease courses. Thus, the determination of prognosis in this high risk group of patients may pose ...

Heart failure constitutes a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and its incidence and prevalence continue to grow, increasing its burden on the healthcare system. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure is common and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This interaction, termed the cardiorenal syndrome, is a complex phenomenon characterize...