The most likely way that the wall material might affect the sound produced is through its influence on the structural vibrations of the instrument. Recent experiments by Whitehouse et al have shown that blowing a lip-reed instrument excites vibrations in the instrument walls, primarily due to the motion of the oscillating lips against the mouthpiece [5, 6]. The amplitude of these vibrations dep...

Spontaneous internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection (sICAD) results from an intimal tear located around the distal carotid sinus. The mechanisms causing the tear are unknown. This case-control study tested the hypotheses that head movements increase the wall stress in the cervical ICA and that the stress increase is greater in patients with sICAD than in controls. Five patients with unilateral...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE B-mode ultrasound is a widely used technique for the clinical and epidemiological assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. This article provides a description of the distribution of carotid atherosclerosis in the general population. METHODS Intimal-medial arterial wall thickness was measured by B-mode real-time ultrasound as an index of atherosclerotic involvement in the ...

The characteristics of physiological blood flow in human carotid arterial bifurcation model have been numerically studied using a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. This computational model with the fluid-structure interaction is constructed to investigate the flow characteristics and wall shear stress in the carotid artery. As the flow begins to decelerate after the peak...

Arterial bleeding into a free space is known to cause local vibrations in tissue. To study the effectiveness of utilizing these tissue vibrations in localizing the site of arterial bleeding, we have developed an algorithm for ultrasonically imaging these tissue vibrations. Simulation results indicate that our algorithm can correctly detect vibrations in the presence of pulsatile wall motion, bl...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relation between arterial wall (intimal-medial) thickness and lumen narrowing is complex and has previously been studied predominantly at autopsy. B-mode ultrasound affords the opportunity to visualize both wall and lumen of the extracranial carotid arteries in vivo. Several studies have quantified the relation of various independent variables to wall thickness of car...

Drug-resistant hypertensive patients may be treated by mechanical stimulation of stretch-sensitive baroreceptors located in the sinus of carotid arteries. To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular devices to stretch the carotid sinus such that the induced strain might trigger baroreceptors to increase action potential firing rate and thereby reduce systemic blood pressure, numerical simulations ...

The overall dimensions of the carotid sinus, the thicknesses of the individual layers within its wall, and the tissue composition of the tunica media were measured on histological sections of the carotid bifurcation fixed in vivo in anesthetized dogs, cats, and rabbits. The outstanding dimensional features of the carotid sinus as compared to the adjoining carotid segments are its thinned media-...