BACKGROUND Gas chromatography (GC) has often been considered the most accurate method to measure the concentration of inhaled anesthetic vapors. However, infrared (IR) gas analysis has become the clinically preferred monitoring technique because it provides continuous data, is less expensive and more practical, and is readily available. We examined the accuracy of a modern IR analyzer (M-CAiOV ...

Several (Al,Si,N) compounds have been obtained by LPCVD in a vertical hot-wall reactor using aluminium trichloride, silicon tetrachloride and ammonia as source gases, with nitrogen as the carrier gas. In order to determine both their structure and local chemical composition, several deposits have been examined by analytical transmission electron microscopy combining electron diffraction (ED), h...

The origin and the nature of particulate matter which is found in the earth's atmosphere, and which is measured to evaluate air pollution, are discussed. The importance of defining particulate matter in terms of its physical structure and its chemical composition is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the surface activity of particulate matter and it is shown that, because of its micropore fine s...

ABSTRAOT Toadfish, Opsanus tau, L., were maintained in sea water equilibrated with gas mixtures containing a fixed proportion of oxygen and varying proportions of carbon monoxide. The swim-bladder was emptied by puncture, and, after an interval of 24 or 48 hours, the newly secreted gases were withdrawn and analyzed. Both carbon monoxide and oxygen are accumulated in the swim-bladder at tensions...

Supersonic expansion is a very powerful tool to produce an atomic beam with a well defined velocity and, by seeding a test gas in such an expansion, the energy of the test gas can be transferred, at least partially, to the very-low-temperature carrier gas. The case usually studied is the one of a heavy gas seeded in a light carrier gas and, in this case, the parallel temperature of the seeded g...

An experimental survey of waste tyre gasification with steam as oxidizing agent has been conducted in a continuous bench scale reactor, with the aim of studying the influence of the process temperature on the yield and the composition of the products; the tests have been performed at three different temperatures, in the range of 850-1000°C, holding all the other operational parameters (pressure...

Heat-carrier heating device is an important part of biomass pyrolysis oil equipment. In particular, the application of vertical heat-carrier heating device can improve the rate of biomass pyrolysis. In this article, we will analyze the vertical carrier heating device based on FLUENT software and model the temperature field and velocity field of hot gas and carrier so as to draw a conclusion tha...

The formation of small ammonia clusters is investigated experimentally with a supersonic free molecular jet of NH3−X binary mixtures (X = Ar, He, N2), with a special attention paid to the effect of second species X on the cluster formation. The ion currents of protonated ammonia clusters (NH3)nH + (n = 2−6) were measured with a combined cluster source system and a double focussing sector field ...

We review the inventories of primordial noble gases and nitrogen in meteorites, their carrier phases, how and where they may have been incorporated, as well as processes modifying their abundances on meteorite parent bodies. Some of the many distinct noble gas and nitrogen components have an isotopic composition very different from that in the Sun. These components reside in presolar grains. “A...