This study aimed to verify the biological efficiency and production flushes of Agaricus blazei strains on different casing layers during 90 cultivation days. Four casing layers were used: mixture of subsoil and charcoal (VCS), lime schist (LSC), São Paulo peat (SPP) and Santa Catarina peat (SCP); and two genetically distant A. blazei strains. The fungus was grown in composted substratum and, af...

Various bacteria were isolated from the casing layer soil of the culture bed of P. ostreatus and their role in fruiting body induction of the edible mushroom, P. ostreatus, was investigated. Analysis of the bacterial community isolated from the casing layer soil revealed that the composition of genera and number of cultivable bacteria were different for each sterilizing treatment. Bordetella wa...

In this study, the possibility of using tea production waste as a new casing material in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation was investigated. Some physical and chemical characteristics of tea waste, fermented tea waste and a mixture of tea waste with peat were compared with that of peat casing, as were their effects on yield. The highest yield was obtained from peat casing. Using tea prod...

casing material or soil (casing) is used in mushroom (agaricus bisporus) culture to cover a nutritional composted substrate colonised with mycelium, and has an essential function in stimulating and promoting the development of sporophores (fruit bodies). in order to use the agricultural by products (different wastes) to reduce peat consumption of casing soil in button mushroom production, an ex...

Casing collapse is one of the major problems in oil fields, imposing a lot of costs on oil companies. This problem occurs not only at drilling times in some formations but also after the completion and production can lead to many problems. Analysis of the behavior of casing collapse in terms of geo-mechanics and solid mechanics could significantly meet the needs of the oil industry of Iran. In ...

Based on statistical analysis on the situation of casing damage and water injection pressure in Pubei Oilfield, it shows that the main forms of casing damage in Pubei Oilfield are deformation and dislocation. Dip angle and faults have a significant impact on casing damage and casing damage is closely related to water injection pressure. Through laboratory simulating experiment and theoretical c...

With the unceasing exploitation of gas fields, casing damage is an important element which restrict oil-gas throughput. In this paper we present an distributed optical fiber Bragg grating analysical method in the Real-time Casing Damage Monitoring Work which through the study of the main type and damage of casing damage, analysis and comparison of the casing damage monitoring method, responding...

Based on the propagation rules of electromagnetic waves in metal conductors, this paper analyzes the characteristics of electric field and magnetic field of internal conductors. Then the complex power of electromagnetic wave is calculated. The impedance calculation formula of metal conductor is derived. Moreover, in order to identify and detect defects of metal casing, an alternating current im...

A good knowledge of the parameters causing casing damage is critically important due to vital role of casing during the life of a well. Cement sheath, which fills in the gap between the casing and wellbore wall, has a profound effect on the resistance of the casing against applied loads. Most of the empirical equations proposed to estimate the collapse resistance of casing ignore the effects of...