STUDY DESIGN To inhibit β-catenin specifically signaling in chondrocytes Col2-ICAT transgenic mice were generated. Anomalies in caudal vertebrae were detected during embryonic and postnatal stages of Col2-ICAT transgenic mice. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of canonical β-catenin signaling in caudal vertebral development. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA β-catenin signaling plays a critical role...

BACKGROUND The CDX2 (caudal-related homeobox gene 2) and PITX1 (pituitary homeobox 1) genes have essential roles in human development. Forced expression of Cdx2 alone in the murine stomach results in gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). This study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of these critical morphogenesis genes in the Barrett's multistage carcinogenesis model. METHODS...

PURPOSE Long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) predisposes patients to the development of colorectal cancer, but surveillance of colitis-associated cancer by detecting the precancerous lesion dysplasia is often difficult because of its rare occurrence and normal-looking appearance. In sporadic colorectal cancer, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) have been reported by many investigators to be precursor l...

Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis (UC) of longer than 8 years duration are at high risk for the development of colorectal cancer. The cancers in these patients appear to develop in a stepwise manner with progressive histological changes from negative for dysplasia --> indefinite for dysplasia --> dysplasia --> cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the timing and extent of geno...

Animal models of colitis, which develop dysplasia and cancer similar to human ulcerative colitis are needed to further investigate the dysplasia cancer sequence. This study describes the expression of B-catenin and p53 along with the histopathology and inflammation scores as they relate to dysplasia and cancer in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. Swiss Webster mice were fed with 5...

The objective of this study was to assess the course over time of the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. The method used was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of a patient series with a median follow-up of 25 months. The study was undertaken in a university hospital foregut laboratory. The progress of seven patients was followed through the sequence of Barrett's es...

Six dogs with cerebellar dysplasia, in which the cerebellar vermis was hypoplastic, are described. Clinical signs in these dogs were noted around 2 weeks of age and included ataxia, dysmetria, and intention tremors. A variable portion of the caudal cerebellar vermis was absent in each dog; portions of the cerebellar hemispheres and flocculus also were absent in some of them. Neurons in certain ...

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) arise from main pancreatic duct (MD-IPMN) and/or branch ducts (BDIPMN), and are characterized by intraductal papillary proliferation of mucin-producing epithelial cells exhibiting various degrees of dysplasia.1 IPMNs have a potential for malignant transformation with a well-described adenoma carcinoma sequence. We present endoscopic images from 3 ...

The caudal genes in vertebrates as in invertebrates assume a posterior position along the anterior-posterior axis and they appear to regulate the expression of the Hox genes. The third chicken caudal gene, Cdx-C, was cloned. Extensive comparisons of the sequence of this protein to the other known members of this homeobox family has lead to the suggestion that vertebrate genomes contain three me...

INTRODUCTION Aneuploidy has been observed in 6-27% of lesions known to be precursors of colorectal cancer, such as adenomas or ulcerative colitis. It has been suggested that aneuploidy may predispose to malignancy in these cases. However, its role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence has not been definitely established. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of aneuploidy in colon...