energy as an important production factor has significant effects on economic growth. identifying the relationship between energy and economic growth can help to improve governmental energy policies. applying ardl and ecm methods, this paper examines the longrun and shortrun causality relationships between (1) energy consumption and economic growth and (2) energy consumption and employment in va...

in the era of globalization, particularly, since early 1990s, economies around the world have been affected considerably by co-movements in one or more countries. in the literature this phenomenon is recognized as synchronization in business cycles, while joint policies being conducted by trading partners can modify such effects properly. the objective of this paper has been to evaluate a possi...

the environmental degradation increase during recent years, has proposed the investigation of economic activities and environmental indicators relation. mostly a unidirectional causality from economic activities to pollution is assumed. while the direction of causality between pollution and economic growth has specific policy implications, presumption of this direction may influence the nature ...

In the relevant literature, there has been a lack of discussion to focus particularly on the relationship between entrepreneurship and international trade. It is more restricted when one intends to seek an interaction between international trade and the indexes of the 3A approach of entrepreneurship, including entrepreneurial attitude, activities and aspirations which are collected from Global ...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the long-lasting dynamic relationship between credit default swap (CDS) premia and government bond spreads (GBS), with regard sovereign risk. practical focus evaluate whether CDS market effectively leading or lagging in risk price discovery process during last decade monetary easing. analysis extends all “sensitive” countries Eurozone, so-called “PII...

This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and inflation. We focus on various econometric techniques to test this relationship, using monthly values of the Athens Stock Exchange Price index and the Greek Consumer Price index over the period 1988-2002. The results from a simple OLS model show evidence of a positive but not significant relationship, while when we consider a system...

This paper investigates empirically the interrelationships between the daily stock market returns of the Nikkei 225, DAX and Dow Jones Industrial index. Contrary to former work this paper uses the succession of the markets in time to form different econometric models. In this way it is possible to detect causality not only from the US to foreign countries but in some cases vice versa. The obser...