This paper presents the results of a literature search for publications containing failure rates and repair times, based on operational experience, for distribution system components that are critical to the reliability of a distribution system. Furthermore, component failure rates found are compared with the conclusions drawn from a previously conducted literature search.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a state of extreme hypoperfusion owing to pump failure manifested by altered mental status, cool extremities, and/or renal failure. This hypoperfusion leads to release of catecholamines and other inflammatory mediators, which further perpetuates myocardial ischemia and injury, resulting in additional impairment in systemic and tissue perfusion. Any cause of acute sever...

System lifespan modeling becomes more complicated when an external event causes the succession of failure in 2 or more system components. Models that don’t consider this common cause failure cause the wrong estimation of system reliability. Let us assume that there are data composed of numbers of successive failures in i, i = 1, ... , n out of n components of system. Data having these character...

Sepsis is one of the leading and grossly under recognized cause of death in the world. If not recognized early and treated promptly, sepsis leads to septic shock, multiorgan failure and death. This article summarizes recently updated international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock.

The authors report a case of a 35-year-old man with no known underlying disease who presented with fever, cellulitis with hemorrhagic blebs on the left leg, monoarthricular left knee arthritis, multiple organ failure and septic shock. His clinical syndrome was compatible with toxic shock syndrome and his blood grew alpha hemolytic (viridians) Streptococcus mitis. To our knowledge, there are few...

A multi-state reliability analysis model suffering from a dependent competing failure process is developed in this study, where the soft described by general nonlinearity random effect. Wiener degradation with measurement error and hard caused shock. Considering that shock not only may cause abrupt damage but also can accelerate degradation, there are some correlations between failure. Based on...

Unscheduled boiler outages in process industries are a major problem resulting not only in expensive emergency repairs, but also loss of production. This paper draws on the experience of the author's company relating to common failures of pressure parts of boilers. The paper identifies the most common types of pressure part failure and the metallurgical mechanism involved. With a knowledge of t...

This study was conducted to determine the survival rates of type 2 diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, and the prognostic factors related to all-cause mortality during a 7-year follow-up. The medical records of 816 type 2 diabetic patients who underwent primary, isolated CABG surgery during 1997-2003 were studied. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression we...

Two components are considered, which are subject to common external and possibly fatal shocks. The lifetimes of both components are characterized by their hazard rates. Each shock can cause the immediate failure of either one or both components. Otherwise, the hazard rate of each component is increased by a non fatal shock of a random amount, with possible dependence between the simultaneous in...

Degradation and overstress failures occur in many electronic systems which the operation load environmental conditions are complex. The dependency of them called dependent competing failure process (DCFP), has been widely studied. Electronic system may experience mutual effects degradation shocks, they considered to be interdependent. Both shock processes will decrease limit cause cumulative ef...