Although the numbers have decreased compared with in the past, cases of patients who ingest caustic substances and visit the emergency room are not rare. However, well-summarized data about caustic injuries are insufficient. Therefore, in this article, I will discuss the etiologic causative agents, injury mechanism, and clinical characteristics, as well as the endoscopic evaluation of the degre...

Caustic substances cause tissue destruction through liquefaction or coagulation reactions and the intensity of destruction depends on the type, concentration, time of contact and amount of the substance ingested. We report an unusual presentation and complication of caustic ingestion in a patient, who accidentally ingested sodium hydroxide. Our patient presented respiratory failure soon after a...

PURPOSE To evaluate the topical effects of mitomycin C (MMC) in rats, with or without esophageal dilation, in different moments after esophageal caustic injury with NaOH10%. METHODS Forty eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups: "GS" infusion of 0.9% saline solution in the esophagus; "CG" infusion of 0.9% saline solution in the esophagus, with temporary ligation of the organ; "NTG" ind...

We revisit the possibility of detecting an extrasolar planet around a background star as it crosses the fold caustic of a foreground binary lens. During such an event, the planet’s flux can be magnified by a factor of ∼ 100 or more. We find that the detectability of the planet depends strongly on the orientation of its orbit relative to the caustic. If the source star is inside the inter–causti...

We investigate the possibility of lens mass determination for a caustic crossing microlensing event based on a space telescope observation. We demonstrate that the parallax due to the orbital motion of a space telescope causes a periodic fluctuation of the light curve, from which the lens distance can be derived. Since the proper motion of the lens relative to the source is also measurable for ...

A caustic vector vortex optical field is experimentally generated and demonstrated by a caustic-based approach. The desired caustic with arbitrary acceleration trajectories, as well as the structured states of polarization (SoP) and vortex orders located in different positions in the field cross-section, is generated by imposing the corresponding spatial phase function in a vector vortex optica...

We present a real-time GPU caustics rendering technique for dynamic scenes under environment illumination taking into account light occlusion. The dynamic scenes consist of caustic objects (reflective and/or refractive objects which produce caustics) and receiver objects (non-reflective and nonrefractive), that can be translated and rotated. As the light source, we consider environment illumina...