In the literature, several encryption modes of operation based on cipher block chaining (CBC) has been proven to be secure under non-adaptive chosen plaintext attack (CPA-1) in the left-or-right (LOR) or find-then-guess (FTG) security models. However, it was shown by Joux et. al. at Crypto 2002 that if we allow the adversary to perform an adaptive chosen plaintext attack (CPA-2), then CBC, ABC ...

In this paper, we propose a novel block cipher mode of operation, which is known as the counter chain (CC) mode. The proposed CC mode integrates the cipher block chaining (CBC) block cipher mode of operation with the counter (CTR) mode in a consistent fashion. In the CC mode, the confidentiality and authenticity of data are assured by the CBC mode, while speed is achieved through the CTR mode. ...

Two new attacks are given on a CBC-MAC algorithm due to Knudsen and Preneel, 2], which is in the nal stages of being standardised as MAC Algorithm 4 in ISO/IEC FDIS 9797{1. The attacks are signiicantly more eecient than previously known attacks, which means that the inclusion of this scheme in the standard will need to be reconsidered.

Clustered data are common in medical research. Typically, one is interested in a regression model for the association between an outcome and covariates. Two complications that can arise when analysing clustered data are informative cluster size (ICS) and confounding by cluster (CBC). ICS and CBC mean that the outcome of a member given its covariates is associated with, respectively, the number ...

BACKGROUND Women with an initial breast cancer diagnosis are at elevated risk of developing subsequent cancer in the contralateral breast. Studies of reproductive factors and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) have provided inconsistent results. METHODS We employed a case-control study nested within five population-based cancer registries in the United States and Denmark to examine association...

Adaptive choice-based conjoint analysis (ACBC) and hybrid individualized two-level choice-based conjoint analysis (HIT-CBC) were developed to improve standard choice-based conjoint analysis through additional interviewing techniques. Both methods have demonstrated their applicability in comparison to standard choice-based conjoint methods. The objective of our study was a direct comparison of t...

The mechanism by which intron-containing RNAs are recognized by the splicing machinery is only partly understood. A nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), which specifically recognizes the monomethyl guanosine cap structure carried by RNA polymerase II transcripts, has previously been shown to play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Using a combination of splicing complex and psoralen cross-linking analy...

Resistant cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a waterborne Pseudomonas sp. (strain Z-R) were able to multiply in nitrogen-free minimal salts solution containing various concentrations of commercially prepared, ammonium acetate-buffered benzalkonium chloride (CBC), a potent antimicrobial agent. As the CBC concentration increased, growth increased until a point was reached at which the extent of ...

The heterodimeric nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) binds to the mono-methylated 5' cap of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as mRNA and U snRNA. The binding is important for nuclear maturation of mRNAs and possibly in the first round of translation and nonsense-mediated decay. It is also essential for nuclear export of U snRNAs in metazoans. We report characterization by fluorescen...

introduction: cone beam computed tomography (cbct) is a new method that is able to provide three-dimensional images in radiology and is useful for dentomaxillofacial imaging. this study aimed to investigate the cases administrated cbct by dentists of kerman (2015 year). methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on dentists in kerman. the data were gathered using standard research questi...